Apple Releases Final Mac OS X Mountain Lion to Developers(mashable.com)
mashable.com
Apple Releases Final Mac OS X Mountain Lion to Developers
http://mashable.com/2012/07/09/apple-releases-final-mac-os-x-mountain-lion-to-developers/
85 comments
When 10.5 came out, a lot of unsupported systems only required a minor hack to make 10.5 install (copy the DVD to HD, edit a file, burn back to DVD).
With luck, there will be an easy hack this time as well. I believe the factor that decides which machines got cut off is the lack of 64bit EFI, which Apple requires for booting a 64bit kernel. Some people have already worked out how to use hackintosh tools to boot from Legacy Mode into a 64bit EFI and then into a 64bit kernel on the 2006/2007 Mac Pros, which apparently increases expansion card compatiblity (particularly making it possible to put unflashed PC video cards in the machine). Also, after doing this, some of the older MacPro video cards will be unsupported (such as the 7300GT). A suitable Radeon replacement is probably cheap though.
It is too early to tell, but with luck the same thing can be done by dedicated MacPro owners to get 10.8.
Personally, I'm very disappointed that my wife's MacBook is also on the unsupported list. I will probably end up just replacing her laptop rather than trying to hack it.
With luck, there will be an easy hack this time as well. I believe the factor that decides which machines got cut off is the lack of 64bit EFI, which Apple requires for booting a 64bit kernel. Some people have already worked out how to use hackintosh tools to boot from Legacy Mode into a 64bit EFI and then into a 64bit kernel on the 2006/2007 Mac Pros, which apparently increases expansion card compatiblity (particularly making it possible to put unflashed PC video cards in the machine). Also, after doing this, some of the older MacPro video cards will be unsupported (such as the 7300GT). A suitable Radeon replacement is probably cheap though.
It is too early to tell, but with luck the same thing can be done by dedicated MacPro owners to get 10.8.
Personally, I'm very disappointed that my wife's MacBook is also on the unsupported list. I will probably end up just replacing her laptop rather than trying to hack it.
If the hacks progress to the point where I can upgrade to a card that supports display mirroring via Airplay, I may look into it. The video card on this system is its only weak spot in terms of reliability. Too much WoW burned out two prior cards, and replacement cards are outrageous.
EDIT: Now I see that it's a CPU issue, not GPU, so I'm screwed. Maybe I'll end up getting a new Mini to replace my old one for HTPC.
EDIT: Now I see that it's a CPU issue, not GPU, so I'm screwed. Maybe I'll end up getting a new Mini to replace my old one for HTPC.
Agreed, that is bullshit. That system is more than capable.
Apple shouldn't penalize anyone in software for paying a small price premium for their ultra-reliable hardware.
Apple shouldn't penalize anyone in software for paying a small price premium for their ultra-reliable hardware.
Just bought a new Macbook Pro and have recently gotten my first taste of Lion. Two words: kernel panic.
Hoping for a stability boost on this one. No way my entire overpowered system should crash from running a browser, text edit, and Skype.
Hoping for a stability boost on this one. No way my entire overpowered system should crash from running a browser, text edit, and Skype.
Check your hardware. xnu is incredibly stable. It may also be a 1.0 driver, considering what you're running it on. You _are_ on the absolute cutting edge of the universe right now, GPU-wise, after all.
Lion itself is rock solid.
Lion itself is rock solid.
Agreed. The only KPs I've gotten since at least ~Snow Leopard have been hardware-related. Off to the Genius Bar!
First, boot holding D. This will boot a special firmware-based hardware tester (or one downloaded from Apple on latest hardware) that will test all aspects of your system.
It's the first thing the Genius Bar will do.
It's the first thing the Genius Bar will do.
To toss my hat into the "i haven't had any problems so no one had any problems" ring, I've only seen on kernel panic and that was because I had just put some bad memory in. Lion's gotten way better, make sure you do all the updates and you should be fine.
Do you have any third-party drivers installed? I've been using Lion on a MacBook Pro since release and I've never had a kernel panic.
You might also look into hardware diagnostics — not sure if Apple Hardware Test is still available, but the Genius Bars certainly have something — as intermittent kernel panics from flaky hardware aren't unusual.
You might also look into hardware diagnostics — not sure if Apple Hardware Test is still available, but the Genius Bars certainly have something — as intermittent kernel panics from flaky hardware aren't unusual.
Sounds like a hardware issue. The only time I've ever seen OSX kernel panic is with bad hardware.
Get that sucker replaced.
Get that sucker replaced.
Never had Lion kernel panic. In fact, in about 1200 hours of use, I've had to reboot it only once to get it working right again.
Retina MBP? If so, I can vouch for things being much better in 10.8 than 10.7.
Can anyone comment if airplay is disabled on pre 2011 macs? I'm going to be royally pissed if airplay is disabled because I'm missing some BS drm chip. Hopefully the era of "Jailbreaking" macs has not started.
Are you talking about being an Airplay source or destination?
AirServer functions as a destination already: http://www.airserverapp.com/
For a source, Airfoil works for audio: http://rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/mac/
It looks like a hardware limitation if you don't have the ISQV, you're SOL.
AirServer functions as a destination already: http://www.airserverapp.com/
For a source, Airfoil works for audio: http://rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/mac/
It looks like a hardware limitation if you don't have the ISQV, you're SOL.
I need it as a source to stream my son's movies. Getting tired of using PS3 media server. I'd much rather organize the library in iTunes.
An iPodTouch of the newest generation (or if one comes out this year) should do it then.
You're just missing the hardware (it's a huge efficiency gain, 13% of the time using the special hardware).
You're just missing the hardware (it's a huge efficiency gain, 13% of the time using the special hardware).
AirPlay mirroring relies on Intel Quick Sync Video support in your CPU: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Quick_Sync_Video
Good to know, but it's still a bit disappointing that no Mac Pro can do AirPlay.
I wonder if there's a new API coming down the pipe for this. The obvious way to implement AirPlay mirroring, in my mind, would have been to add Quick Sync Video support as an optimization to existing video APIs, and then simply have AirPlay mirroring use that. Then not only could people with lots of free GPU cycles but no Quick Sync Video CPU (alas, like me) use AirPlay mirroring, but other video apps would automatically take advantage of the new performance.
I wonder if there's a new API coming down the pipe for this. The obvious way to implement AirPlay mirroring, in my mind, would have been to add Quick Sync Video support as an optimization to existing video APIs, and then simply have AirPlay mirroring use that. Then not only could people with lots of free GPU cycles but no Quick Sync Video CPU (alas, like me) use AirPlay mirroring, but other video apps would automatically take advantage of the new performance.
If anything it may be a CPU/GPU restriction that holds you back.
Modern Intel CPU's have a quicksync feature which is H.264 encode assist in the HD 3000 and 4000 GPU. These features may be required to make airplay mirroring work.
Similar hardware is in the A5 chip in the iPad 2 and up, and iPhone 4S and up.
Modern Intel CPU's have a quicksync feature which is H.264 encode assist in the HD 3000 and 4000 GPU. These features may be required to make airplay mirroring work.
Similar hardware is in the A5 chip in the iPad 2 and up, and iPhone 4S and up.
Is quicksync also behind Intel Wireless Display? Despite needing to by special recievers, I've found it pretty handy.
DRM Chip? What did that crazy rumour come from?
For a couple years, Apple shipped Macs with a TPM[1] chip from Intel.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module
I apologize, I made the mistake of reading cultofmac a bit too literally. http://www.cultofmac.com/177259/why-cant-macs-older-than-201...
Quick Sync is not DRM. It’s a video de-/encoder.
Check out AirParrot, it's $10. Fullscreen AirPlay audio and video.
It works fine on my 2008 Macbook but it gets a little hot and noisy. The lag is noticeable but tolerable, fine for browsing the web but not gaming. Audio/video sync is fine too for watching flash videos or whatever.
It works fine on my 2008 Macbook but it gets a little hot and noisy. The lag is noticeable but tolerable, fine for browsing the web but not gaming. Audio/video sync is fine too for watching flash videos or whatever.
Will this work well for movies? I'm mainly trying to simplify the streaming for my 3 year olds dvd library from my iMac to a PS3.
I just tried it with an h264 ripped dvd and it's ok, but it's dropping too many frames. I guess the ps3 media server lives on.
Did you mirror a fullscreen h264? That's probably not an ideal use case. You can AirPlay directly from iTunes or by using AirFlick and AirVideo server which may suit your needs. They're both free.
Anybody know if Messages has improved? The beta I'm using is buggy as hell.
It's vastly better in the DPs. They haven't updated the beta _at all_ since it was released months and months ago.
But still no MSN integration, right? I still have some MSN contacts that forces me to stick to Adium.
iChat never had MSN support. However, there is a new plugin framework in Mountain Lion that would let someone write a MSN plugin for Messages.app.
I use this: http://cocoon.drinkbrainjuice.com/. It's in free beta right now.
One question about messages: Does it only work with iMessages or does it actually integrate my SMS when the iPhone is in the same network?
It only works with iMessages. You're right though: SMS functionality (somehow) would be pretty awesome.
Not only awesome, it's the only reason why I would want to use this. Lets say I hear my iPhone buzzing in my backpack. I know I have my iMessages synched to my mac. Now the guessing game begins - should I pick the iPhone or wait until it has been synched? How long should I wait? Nevermind, what was I doing right now?
Absolutely useless, unless you have started some kind of Apple religion and all your contacts have iPhones.
Absolutely useless, unless you have started some kind of Apple religion and all your contacts have iPhones.
It's been announced for iOS 6 that you can register your phone number under your Apple ID so that phone-number iMessages will appear on your Macs and iPads.
I think Apple has made a lot of improvements at their end. I no longer get red badges that won't go away(!) for whatever reason.
Very much so!
Sorry, that didn't clarify much. Is "very much so buggy as hell" or "very much so fixed"? I'm confused :(
Very much fixed. Apple doesn't ship crap software these days.
If "these days" means since yesterday, sure, I'll give them a chance.
/edit to clarify, 99.9% of the software they ship has at least a few interesting bugs. Just have a look at their changelogs for 10.x.1 :-)
/edit to clarify, 99.9% of the software they ship has at least a few interesting bugs. Just have a look at their changelogs for 10.x.1 :-)
Uhm, Podcasts App? Lion?
I love both. They're incredibly polished, work fantastically, and were crafted with very fine attention to detail. Perhaps you don't like the details they focused on, fine, but if you think these are crap software, you don't know actual crap software.
I encourage you to buy a cheap consumer embedded NAS to learn.
I encourage you to buy a cheap consumer embedded NAS to learn.
The podcasts app doesn't even sync podcasts in ios 6 beta 2. It may be visually polished, but complete it is not in its current form.
Podcasts is so buggy and slow on my iPhone 4 that it's literally unusable. The animations are about 7 frames per second.
Visually polished? They stretched a font! That’s unacceptable. A deadly sin. You don’t do that. Ever.
Still filing some radars against this, including the lingering text formatting issue in Mail.
If this follows the typical pattern there will be some sys update right after public release.
If this follows the typical pattern there will be some sys update right after public release.
Apple .0 software always has at least one showstopper.
My favorite was the way the initial release of SL hosed fonts that it decided conflicted with the system ones. Like non-Apple versions of Helvetica. Thanks Apple! ;-)
My favorite was the way the initial release of SL hosed fonts that it decided conflicted with the system ones. Like non-Apple versions of Helvetica. Thanks Apple! ;-)
Something very odd is happening at Apple. Either there is a massive shortage of developers (unlikely) or developers have been moved to a new project (AppleTV ?).
Because Mountain Lion and iOS6 are by far the most underwhelming updates yet in terms of features.
Because Mountain Lion and iOS6 are by far the most underwhelming updates yet in terms of features.
After Snow Leopard, they changed to a development cycle consistent of two week sprints followed by a one week convergence period. Stuff that can't get in by the specified milestone gets pushed back, moved, or cancelled.
It actually makes for a nicer development model than the 'everything doesn't work for a year and then miraculously comes together 4 months before release' development model. For example, with Snow Leopard, XCode became garbage collected and was unusable for like 50 releases in a row.
Ultimately, while you get a slightly less buggy release that comes out on time more or less, the features seem less ambitious.
It actually makes for a nicer development model than the 'everything doesn't work for a year and then miraculously comes together 4 months before release' development model. For example, with Snow Leopard, XCode became garbage collected and was unusable for like 50 releases in a row.
Ultimately, while you get a slightly less buggy release that comes out on time more or less, the features seem less ambitious.
Eh. OS X has been on somewhat of a tick-tock update cycle since Leopard. Add features then refine them.
Also, it's twenty bucks.
Also, it's twenty bucks.
The cost has nothing to do with the product, that's determined based on other factors, like how many Mac's OSX sells. There's no straightforward relationship between price number of features.
The direction appears to be cheap upgrades, and merging feature sets between IOS and OSX so eventually there's one operating system that changes in unison.
The direction appears to be cheap upgrades, and merging feature sets between IOS and OSX so eventually there's one operating system that changes in unison.
"The direction appears to be cheap upgrades, and merging feature sets between IOS and OSX so eventually there's one operating system that changes in unison."
It is believed by some that Apple will not be pushing their operating systems in this direction:
http://daringfireball.net/2012/02/mountain_lion
Specifically: "Mountain Lion is not a step towards a single OS that powers both the Mac and iPad, but rather another in a series of steps toward defining a set of shared concepts, styles, and principles between two fundamentally distinct OSes."
It is believed by some that Apple will not be pushing their operating systems in this direction:
http://daringfireball.net/2012/02/mountain_lion
Specifically: "Mountain Lion is not a step towards a single OS that powers both the Mac and iPad, but rather another in a series of steps toward defining a set of shared concepts, styles, and principles between two fundamentally distinct OSes."
I think I might have been misunderstood. I have no complaints with Mountain Lion and think it offers tremendous value.
My point was whether there had been a movement of developers to a new iOS/OSX based project e.g. like an AppleTV. Because it seems that iOS6 and Mountain Lion combined seem to lack the combined punch of previous releases.
My point was whether there had been a movement of developers to a new iOS/OSX based project e.g. like an AppleTV. Because it seems that iOS6 and Mountain Lion combined seem to lack the combined punch of previous releases.
Frankly, if the only punch Mountain Lion packs is "breaks way less", I am first in line.
Agreed.
I think they have gone quite carefully on iCloud.
Beyond that, actual UI enhancements are minimal.
It's more iClouding Apps. Or App improvements. Less to do with the OS itself.
I think they have gone quite carefully on iCloud.
Beyond that, actual UI enhancements are minimal.
It's more iClouding Apps. Or App improvements. Less to do with the OS itself.
They have also moved to an 18 month release cycle for OS X[1], so we should not expect huge swathes of changes in each release.
[1]: http://forums.appleinsider.com/t/143731/mac-os-x-mountain-li...
[1]: http://forums.appleinsider.com/t/143731/mac-os-x-mountain-li...
I thought they announced they were moving to a yearly release cycle.
http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/44444/mac-os-x-updates-yearl...
http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/44444/mac-os-x-updates-yearl...
Over 200 new features and plenty of behind-the-scenes refinements, all for $20 and 12 months after Lion. Sounds like they're firing on all cylinders in Cupertino.
http://www.apple.com/osx/whats-new/features.html
http://www.apple.com/osx/whats-new/features.html
Beg to differ / disagree. I'd say there's a lot less than 200 features, most are "refinements". I mean, really, is "Date Picker in Calendar now has a mini Calendar" is a "new feature"? A new widget on a control?
These are user features. Snow leopard and mountain lion (as their names might suggest) are all about under the hood refinements. Snow leopard was ten times better than leopard, but the most striking new user feature was scrollable stacks (in Dock)! So, don't judge ML too harshly. I used dev versions and they were rock solid (more stable than anything before 10.6.4 or 10.7.1).
Underwhelming by what means?
Small features like VIP whitelists for Mail.app, the Finder "share" button, and bigger features like Power Nap are significant improvements for many users.
I'm all about the future made into reality, but what kind of features do you see in other recent OS updates that are a) successful and not buggy as hell and b) ambitious enough to be not considered "underwhelming"?
Small features like VIP whitelists for Mail.app, the Finder "share" button, and bigger features like Power Nap are significant improvements for many users.
I'm all about the future made into reality, but what kind of features do you see in other recent OS updates that are a) successful and not buggy as hell and b) ambitious enough to be not considered "underwhelming"?
The refined App sandbox and new system services (through XPC) are a major under-the-hood change. I don't have time to go through it, but they seem to have changed erything in OS X for XPC (watch WWDC sessions if you're interested).
But I completely agree with your first point. iWork hasn't been updated since 2009... I just can't believe it. It's still not on iCloud so if you want to share files between iOS and iWork on Mac, you have to manually copy and upload them. It's disgusting.
But I completely agree with your first point. iWork hasn't been updated since 2009... I just can't believe it. It's still not on iCloud so if you want to share files between iOS and iWork on Mac, you have to manually copy and upload them. It's disgusting.
What exactly would have been overwhelming?
ZFS file system. Fixing iCal and Address book by returning them to proper non-skeuomorph applications, maybe even adjusting the UI to the strengths of computers rather than bring in the inefficiencies of the paper tools we left behind.
Proper Mail.app plugins. Not limiting the notification system to App Store apps. Finder replacement. Maybe with something like semantic tagging replacing folders, complete with proper filesystem level unix support.
Even bigger pie in the sky features: distributed process migration. If you are at home and have multiple computers, why not borrow your desktops CPU to do heavy processing (say for photos or video?)
In other words, features targeting professionals, the opposite of Apple current strategy.
edit: these would be overwhelming to me
Proper Mail.app plugins. Not limiting the notification system to App Store apps. Finder replacement. Maybe with something like semantic tagging replacing folders, complete with proper filesystem level unix support.
Even bigger pie in the sky features: distributed process migration. If you are at home and have multiple computers, why not borrow your desktops CPU to do heavy processing (say for photos or video?)
In other words, features targeting professionals, the opposite of Apple current strategy.
edit: these would be overwhelming to me
While you have some legitimate suggestions spliced in here, the majority of your post says to me "The feature they should have added is to change everything back to the way it was, and change the business strategy". This is not really a very good interpretation of the question, for obvious reasons.
"If you are at home and have multiple computers, why not borrow your desktops CPU to do heavy processing (say for photos or video?)"
You can do this in Compressor.
You can do this in Compressor.
Skeumorphism is about taste. You just don’t share Apple’s. Simple as that. As long as it doesn’t impact the UI there is nothing wrong with skeumorphism.
Every app can use the notification system. They only can’t use push notifications if they are not in the App Store. Not terribly relevant for the desktop.
Every app can use the notification system. They only can’t use push notifications if they are not in the App Store. Not terribly relevant for the desktop.
I disagree that skeuomorphism is only about taste. It's not just a skin, it also removes and limits functionality. I can even give specific examples. If you have lion, go to your address book.
It probably opens and lists people on the left with their details on the right. It looks like a book. Can you group people? It's certainly not obvious that such functionality (which is useful!) exists.
Now click the red bookmark thing on top. Not very intuitive. It looks like a bookmark, not something that switches to a different view. Anyways, viola! The grouping interface! But now I can't see contact details. I need to "flip the page" back to see the details. This is a huge step backwards and is so inefficient that I completely stopped using groups when I moved to Lion.
Now consider Mountain lion: http://6.mshcdn.com/wp-content/gallery/apple-os-x-mountain-l...
Hey! It's the three column view from the old address book! Now I can see my groups, contacts, and details, just like before. Not as skeuomorph though. Now it's just an app that is skinned to look like a book. It doesn't function like a book. There are no pages to flip. It still has the dimensions of a book I guess, but that only makes that left page looks mighty constrained.
UI is about displaying and working with information, and this skeuomorphism is arguably not a very good way of doing either. I can lodge similar complaints about iCal. For instance, why are months always on separate pages? When I'm near the end of a month, I have to keep switching back and forth (with a slow unneeded animation on top). It's a computer, surely we can come up with an interface that discards this old page limitation of paper calendars! Not if you are thinking with skeuomorphism though.
It probably opens and lists people on the left with their details on the right. It looks like a book. Can you group people? It's certainly not obvious that such functionality (which is useful!) exists.
Now click the red bookmark thing on top. Not very intuitive. It looks like a bookmark, not something that switches to a different view. Anyways, viola! The grouping interface! But now I can't see contact details. I need to "flip the page" back to see the details. This is a huge step backwards and is so inefficient that I completely stopped using groups when I moved to Lion.
Now consider Mountain lion: http://6.mshcdn.com/wp-content/gallery/apple-os-x-mountain-l...
Hey! It's the three column view from the old address book! Now I can see my groups, contacts, and details, just like before. Not as skeuomorph though. Now it's just an app that is skinned to look like a book. It doesn't function like a book. There are no pages to flip. It still has the dimensions of a book I guess, but that only makes that left page looks mighty constrained.
UI is about displaying and working with information, and this skeuomorphism is arguably not a very good way of doing either. I can lodge similar complaints about iCal. For instance, why are months always on separate pages? When I'm near the end of a month, I have to keep switching back and forth (with a slow unneeded animation on top). It's a computer, surely we can come up with an interface that discards this old page limitation of paper calendars! Not if you are thinking with skeuomorphism though.
Of course we can come up with UIs that don't mimic the old school ways of doing things, we had them. Skeuomorphism is absolutely purely about design choices.
The bookmark thing is a bookmark, and it works like one. It saves your place on a page in a book and you use it to go back to one. The little familiar groups icon on the tab tells you where it goes.
I'm not going to argue that some of the functionality of Address Book has been reduced or gone, but it has to do with a decision that Apple made about what they wanted, not directly tied to the fact that the interface is skeuomorphic now.
The bookmark thing is a bookmark, and it works like one. It saves your place on a page in a book and you use it to go back to one. The little familiar groups icon on the tab tells you where it goes.
I'm not going to argue that some of the functionality of Address Book has been reduced or gone, but it has to do with a decision that Apple made about what they wanted, not directly tied to the fact that the interface is skeuomorphic now.
Skeumorphism is purely about looks. If it impacts functionality it’s more than that.
If it’s only looks it doesn’t matter and is only about taste.
If it’s only looks it doesn’t matter and is only about taste.
You cannot just change the definition of a word to suite your argument. Most people consider skeuomorphic design to include both looks and behaviour. Regardless, what I've described is all looks. Address Book still has grouping functionality. It's just been made extremely difficult to use because of the design of the interface.
Further, looks are about much more than just taste. Designs affect how easy it is to understand the information being displayed, or to understand how to use an application. Skeuomorphic design is typically used to try to improve the latter: help people to understand how to use the app. It mimics a physical object because people already know how that object works. This benefit disappears if your skeuomorphic design doesn't actually work like the object it mimics though.
Further, looks are about much more than just taste. Designs affect how easy it is to understand the information being displayed, or to understand how to use an application. Skeuomorphic design is typically used to try to improve the latter: help people to understand how to use the app. It mimics a physical object because people already know how that object works. This benefit disappears if your skeuomorphic design doesn't actually work like the object it mimics though.
Ok, then I won’t.
Skeumorphism that doesn’t affect functionality is purely about taste. Anything beyond that is bad. End of the story.
Skeumorphism that doesn’t affect functionality is purely about taste. Anything beyond that is bad. End of the story.
Tensor's point, which I agree with, is that Apple's choice to use skeumorphism has impacted functionality, and is not a good design principal at all.
I would also argue that a lot of their designs look downright ugly to be honest.
I would also argue that a lot of their designs look downright ugly to be honest.
Does the amount of stuff added matter? If the quality is good I honestly don’t care.
Lion was a bit of a dud. Mountain Lion doesn’t add much but it improves massively on Lion. It corrects its mistakes. I’m very much ok with that, I don’t need flashy new features. I really don’t want Apple to start pulling features out of there ass (especially now that they switched to a yearly update cycle), mere refinements every year for something mature like OS X would be awesome.
Lion was a bit of a dud. Mountain Lion doesn’t add much but it improves massively on Lion. It corrects its mistakes. I’m very much ok with that, I don’t need flashy new features. I really don’t want Apple to start pulling features out of there ass (especially now that they switched to a yearly update cycle), mere refinements every year for something mature like OS X would be awesome.
My Pro is perfect for me, I have it maxed at 32 GB of memory, dual optical drives, and 4TB of local disk. Quad 2.66GHz cores is more than enough for me.
I understand that things like display Airplay mirroring depend on newer CPUs/GPUs, but ML should still be supported, just with fewer features.
And yes, I know this is a 6 year old system. But it's still a good solid system with a long life ahead of it. I'll keep running Lion on it until something dies (system board?) that's irreplaceable.