It's the usage that originated with Lewis H. Morgan. Engels used it in "The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State", which Wikipedia has a good summary of:
> Barbarism – the period during which man learns to breed domestic animals and to practice agriculture, and acquires methods of increasing the supply of natural products by human activity.
We've thought exactly the same in the past about depression, homosexuality, unmarried mothers and outspoken women, but yes, maybe this time medicalizing something before we know much about it is the right answer and won't make us look like abhorrent barbarians to our grandchildren.
We're a relatively small team so it's nothing terribly sophisticated - Spark jobs prep log data for a nightly model training, done with sklearn - the model is just a python pickle that get loaded into our ranking system, Thimble. All done on EC2.
We also have a real-time pipeline (Bazalgette) that pulls events off a Kinesis stream and turns them into features, saved to Redis.
We're hiring a software engineer (in London) at the moment so if this sounds like the kind of tech you'd be interested in working alongside, drop me an email (in my profile) or look at https://thread.com/jobs
I don't think that you literally mean literally, but an obvious difference between slavery in the United States and conscription in the United States that you can avoid the latter by permanently renouncing your citizenship.
Not a lawyer, but I imagine they have not ability to exercise the fifth amendment as it's not self-incrimination, and I believe only natural persons (i.e. not corporations) are protected by it.
You may enjoy knowing that the singular of criteria is criterion (Greek, not Latin). A criterium is a bike race, from the same root: a κριτήριον is a decision, with the same nuance of meaning as English judg(e)ment.
If your business model relies on you paying people less than a minimum wage, there's no particular reason that a society who's decided that's a bad idea should allow you to limit your liability to losses.
In the UK, both The Co-operative and John Lewis companies are cooperatives and account for over 10% of the supermarket industry. Various building societies are very similar, and the largest has 10-20% of the banking market (depending on how you measure it).
What's your point in bringing up combinatorics then?
> Imagine that you need to pick out your particular family emoji each time from all the possible combinations.
Imagine using the most trivial kind of UI (literally a LRU cache would do the job) so that emoji you use more often are presented first. In fact, you don't even need to imagine, because this is how they already work on Android.
I have to wonder why you are dedicating so much energy to problematizing uses of emoji that you disapprove of without really seeming to know much of them. If they don't work for you maybe just don't use them?
I'm going to leave this link in the rather forlorn hope that something about it might take root:
I really wonder about the combination of ignorance of Unicode, stick-in-the-mud attitude to diversity and appetite for accidental irony that makes someone write a long paragraph (570 characters - that's at least 10^170 combinations of characters - basically impossible to store) about how it's impossible in 2016 to apply combining characters to emoji (which is how the diverse emoji are already implemented).