I built my first two iOS games in Objective-c using spritekit. I haven't built any games in swift, but I love swift compared to OC. I would pick a game engine first and then decide language.
The moral hazard is introduced by the insurance. So yes they are more risky. Corporate governance, as you said, helps curtail the moral hazard, but without the insurance, the moral hazard would not exist in the first place. Go troll somewhere else. Your just wrong!
You have been doing this for 6 months, you could throw a dart in this market and make money. Long-term though, you will be humbled if you try and "time" the market. I was a trader for three years, and now I only invest. When investing, value is all that matters. Not just metrics, but value. Ask yourself, how much would this company be sold for in a buy out. Typically, you should try and hold a stock for at least a year, unless something fundamentally changes, as the tax benefits for long term cg is much better.
Buy low sell high. Research value investing. Although some would argue he is not, Warren Buffet is a self described value investor. It is a method that is no thrills, but has a great track record. The premise is to buy securities, which are undervalued. The trick is learning to "value" a company. Personally I like to mix Peter Lynch's buy what you know with value investing. Once you do a few google searches on value investing, Read Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor; it's a bit dry and seems outdated in some sections, but it is a classic, and he was buffet's teacher. Next Google search for Berkshire hathaways shareholder letters. After this, I would focus on valuation metrics and learning how to value a company. Eventually though, you just have to buy a stock. No book or course can predict if a stock is a good investment, but by employing the techniques I mentioned, you provide yourself with a margin of safety.
Moral hazard is an objective term. From the FDIC website, https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/deposits/international/guidance...
All you have to do is read the first sentence. And "The FDIC made sure they didn't do the crap they did" is nonsensical. Not to mention, I never once referred to the economic crisis.
The moral hazard is the FDIC, which arguably helped perpetuate the crisis. Banks are insured by the fed, lender of last resort, and individual accounts are insured by FDIC. Insurance, or assurance in the case of the FDA, is the moral hazard which causes risky behavior.
The consumers directly don't. But as a consumer I don't know how to evaluate an automobile, a smart-phone, or other products. But there is a market that provides the relevant data to consumers. Before I buy a car, I check out USNews, or Edmunds; before I buy any product I check out the relevant resources. Because of the way the FDA is structured, not much non-FDA research and reviews are being done. Lol. I didn't propose a solution.
The problem with the FDA is it usurps liability from the manufacturer and responsibility from the consumer. Most Americans will grant more time to a free app review, than to a nutrition label. We have a false sense of security that food and drugs are FDA "approved." This same problem exists in banking because of the FDIC. How many people know what's on their bank's balance sheets?
I think the system will eventually implode. I'm actually here after my app got arbitrarily rejected by apple and I found Paul Graham's essay on how apple treats developers. I've spent the last year of my life learning iOS, first OC, then swift. I've dedicated thousands of hours developing, promoting, and even helping aspiring iOS developers on SO. I have been a loyal customer, developer, and investor, but today I sold all of my stock and pledged to never develop for or buy apple products again. It's just not worth it. We've all heard the saying the customer is always right, but in this industry it should be the developer is always right. The current system we have harms developers. Yes google and apple have incentives to keep it closed, but they can't hold forever. Although many will argue they are dead, I think web-apps will take over as more system Apis are supported.