They do use btrfs. However, Synology also uses some additional tools on top of btrfs. From what I remember (could be wrong about the precise details), they actually run mdadm on top of btrfs, and use mdadm in order to get the erasure coding and possibly the cache NVME disk too. (By erasure coding, I mean RAID 5/6, or SHR, which are still unstable generally in BTRFS).
This is almost completely correct. However, I have heard of one other possibility that might be a problem - a steam explosion (maar).
From what I understand, a person died falling in a crack in town earlier this week, and when they went down to investigate, they found ocean water in it. There is a possibility (albight slight) of magma finding it's way into such cracks and causing a steam explosion. Nothing on the scale of something like what happened at Hunga-Haapi earlier last year, but still a not-so-great explosion.
I'm using Nexcloud currently, but an alternative for you to check out for you might be Pydio.
It has a lot of the same features, and generally seemed a little more stable. However, it was a little more painful to configure, and has a few unique terminologies you'll have to get used to. Also it's UI does load faster than Nextcloud, but once loaded, it is a little less snappy.
For the user downloaded client, I found that it works, but is a little less convenient than Nextcloud (no Automatic pinning of the folder, no partial downloads to save space)
Self hosting the infrastructure is incredibly easy. There are a lot of products out there that make hosting your own email system a cinch. One I'd personally recommend would be Cloudron, but I've heard MailCow is very easy, and I'm sure there are many other tools out there that sort of just 'do it for you'.
Email deliverability on the other hand is... I'm going to say, it's not hard, but not easy either. Mainly you have to deal with blacklists, as well as certain providers being a bit weird. Staying off of blacklists can be both easy and hard. Most blacklist providers have several different layers of "Don't accept email from this server". The highest layer is easy to stay off of - just don't send spam. The layers below it might not be though. In particular, if your IP address is even in the same range as where other people might be sending spam, your going to end up on a blacklist because of it. So certain blacklists might have a 'Level 2' or 'Level 1' where if you use the same VPS provider as a spammer, your VPS that's never sent spam is going to get some of that 'bad reputation'.
Email servers deal with blacklists in different ways - some just accept most things, some are a lot more strict. Usually email server will count up indicators for spam, and score them, and then, if it's above a certain score, the email bounces. Usually having a little 'bad reputation' (like from Level 2 / Level 1 like I listed above) won't be enough 'score' to effect things, but having a lot of it certainly will. I had an email server hosted on a VPS with a Level 2 warning, and my Gmail still got my emails. But I don't know if my emails would go well to all email providers (didn't do enough testing). In addition, some email providers will silently fail your emails if they don't pass - Google is pretty notorious about doing this. So it can be a bit of a pain to debug problems.
The advantage of SES is that they deal with the reputation problem. They will jump on a Level 1 for a few days, then stay off of it for the rest of the month, then jump back on it again, and the cycle repeats. This is for the generic shared IP form of SES, so it's pretty good. It's certainly going to be more expensive, but you will need to send a good amount of email before it make sense to start managing reputation on your own probably.
If you want the best of both worlds (although this sounds like what you are already doing), I'd suggest hosting your own server, but then using Amazon SES as the outbound email relay. Amazon's outbound costs are very very cheap, and that's what you need the reputation for anyways.
It would be really nice if there was a system with fallback relays though, I agree. Let's hope that happens sometime :).
Pretty sure ZeroTier supports relaying (I remember reading some of their earlier blogs and it mentioning something to that effect). In practice, you just have to turn off the uPnP in Settings to use it I've found.
It's just a bit more snappy and has a few advanced but helpful features that gmail does not.
For comparison... think about how it feels to work in Microsoft Word compared to Google Docs. You can do most of what you can do in Word in Google Docs, but there are helpful things in Word that just make it that much better. And it just feels a little better when you use it... thus, if you need to do really serious word processing, you do it in Word.
Outlook and Thunderbird have a similar feeling when compared to gmail. It won't matter much if you are only sending 10 emails a day. But if you are sending 50 or 60 emails a day over multiple inboxes (particularly in the context of business email)... you might find it's a little easier to organize and respond to people in the desktop clients.
In the case of Thunderbird, here are some features it has I probably couldn't live without:
-Archiving split by Month (As a bonus there is also an easy shortcut key for archiving)
-Open in thread (this is a little different than gmails as far as I understand in the way that thunderbird deals with split threads, which can be important in a business context where you have some replies only going to some people, others going to other people - it's easy to see this tree structure in Thunderbird)
-Folders AND Tags (Thunderbird's Tagging and Folder system are separated, gmails is combined as far as I'm aware. As a bonus, Thunderbirds tags highlight emails in color for easy identification, and also have easy shortcuts)
-Add-Ons (For example, I use a Thunderbird extension that can attach notes to an email message... which can then synchronize between computers which is useful for accounts where a lot of people access the inbox, but where sending an internal email would clog said inbox. For gmail, you can write web extensions, but Thunderbird has an ecosystem already pre-existing and mostly free)
-Reminder if you use the word 'attach' and don't have an attachment (It sucks when you send out an email saying 'such is attached below and it's not actually there. Gmail might have this too now - have not checked.)
These things all seem pretty small but they make a big difference in how I manage my email, and especially with Thunderbird, this is all customizable. Want Unified inboxes, or separate ones? Your choice. Want to see the cc's from an email as a column in your email list, but not the favorites ('important' tag in gmail) column? Your choice too. And there's a lot more options than just these, meaning you can really streamline your email process. And this just ... at least for me, makes enail a little less painful.
So I would probably avoid Amazon just because many of their services charge for data out. It isn't out, but it's a variable for you, and you probaly want something that's flat per month. Cheapest you are going to get with somewhat reliable service is either going to be Hetzner or BuyVM. Hetzner is better for someone who doesn't want to tinker, BuyVM for those who do (BuyVM is a little less reliable, but you can set it up cheaper if you are willing to do a little bit of manual work with shell commands).
Secondly, I'd suggest you host this through Cloudron. It helps you handle automatic security updates and backups. It's very nice, and worth paying for, although it's a little pricey for individuals.
Third, with email, you can host it yourself (in fact Cloudron has this built in), but I'm going to recommend against it, or at least recommend that you pipe important emails through another service like Fastmail. Let me explain why. There's going to be some point after hosting for 5 years, where your server is going to go down. Now email will be fine, it's built to deal with cases where servers go down, but... we rely so much on email right now, that it's going to really suck to have it down. So by all means, have your personal email come to the server, but keep anything that you can't do without running on a managed service. You can pipe it through your own domain, and set up automatic forwarding, but it's going to be a little better to run important stuff through someone else's server, imho.
Just responding to one part of this, if that's cool.
I think what the comment above is saying is that it's not about whether or not speech on Twitter is protected. It's that the government isn't supposed to act to restrict speech in any manner that doesn't cross the lines he listed.
If I'm remembering correctly, there was a big court case because Trump was hiding critical responses to his tweets on Twitter. The judge ruled that Trump violated the 1st amendment even though Twitter is a private company ("private property"?).
This is because the 1st amendment not only protects speech, it restricts government attempts to control speech (or at least that's the argument that would be made).
I use it with a few different email providers, including fastmail and a self hosted server. Works pretty well for what I need it to do.
The only feature it's missing which hurts is nested folders. All nested folders are displayed in a list structure, rather than a tree, which is a bit of a pain if you use a nested archive (think Thunderbird's Monthly Archive structure).
Speed comparison... it's been a while since I've checked, but I remember hearing Caddy will perform at about 70% of the capacity of a fully tuned Nginx, at least as a reverse proxy. Don't remember where I read that. So Nginx will be a bit faster.
However, from what I hear, you will probably never run into a situation where you use all of that, at least in typical situations, because you'll probably run into RAM limits or CPU limits related to the SSL cryptography first. So both will probably be 'fast enough'.
Caddy will be easier to configure than Nginx. That's just because it has a config file built to be nice and easy to read.
There are probably more external tools built to work with Nginx, but you might not need those.
Don't know much about envoy or traefik comparisons, but from what I've heard, traefik is built for a little bit of a different purpose, mainly for containers. You'll have to research more into it.
aamoscodes had some good suggestions, and bunny.net would also work as well.
If you trust your VPS capabilities, you could also run a Peertube instance. It should have the embedding features you want. However, I'm not sure what sort of performance you are going to want on the VPS to make it close to something like Youtube. (How many TB of video do you have? How spread out is that 4 TB of stream data? If you do run it, I'd suggest running it through Cloudron to simplify security and backups (it's very good at that).
It was licensing issues. Their audio system used some proprietary stuff, for instance. I remember reading somewhere (perhaps here) that some of the Adobe Developers wanted to open source flash in the 2011-2012-ish time period, and it was the licensing that prevented them from doing that. Can't find the reference though (sorry!).
Now most people just do things in other languages. Flash was a very nice platform to target though. It got a lot of things right.
This is correct... but there's also a good reason as to why allowing companies might be a good idea.
Companies allow individuals to limit their liability.
Now I'm sure there are people who abuse this, but it also allows good people to not risk their life getting involved in a political process where they could be sued for their personal assets.
Perhaps it would be better if the government created a separate category though to separate regular businesses from political liability protection "businesses".
I'm still not entirely sure that would be for the best though on a practical level. Businesses do advocate for themselves with lots of money but that money also prefers a stable boring economy... meaning without those actors, we might start seeing laws and lawmakers that are crazy on both sides more than we are now.
It was to me. And a good portion of Vue2 frameworks were built with that in mind, which is kinda nice.
I know the other poster said you could so react with a script tag... just looked and apparently it is possible... but I don't know many people who use it that way. Something new I learned though.
React has a larger community but requires you to make a lot of decisions yourself. Also well integrated with Typescript.
Vue2 is the only of these three that can be added to a webpage with a script tag. In that sense, it is a lot more simple than the other options.
Still a pretty big community. Typescript integration is meh.
Vue3 is Vue2 with better typescript integration but with tooling a bit more similar to React. Not big yet but will be.
All three will be fine in ten years I'm pretty sure.
I'd actually start off looking to see if there is a Frontend Compnent Library (like Vuetify, etc) that works with one of these three that does part of what you want first as that is more likely to be the tipping point for what you should use.
I would imagine President Bush was referring to the prophecy in Revelations 20:7-9. Basically in this case, it means nations who are an enemy to the people of God... not so much crazy talk imho, considering that nations really like to fight each other these days.
https://daltondur.st/syno_btrfs_1/
Sorry about that!