PSD2 only took effect in 2019, and for many countries the enforcement was delayed for card payments up to a full year due to lack of issuer readiness.
2FA is absolutely the future and I believe globally payments should move in this direction… I’m just pointing out that even in Europe, this has not been the standard for all that long. That said I hope other countries/regions follow the example — the EEA seems to lead the charge on major online issues, e.g. payments and privacy.
I think what I get hung up on with explanations like this is, what changes once the wave function has collapsed? Are there observable characteristics before wave function collapse that become different after the wave function collapses?
Maybe this question just reduces to “how can we tell the difference between two entangled particles having always been in some state (but we didn’t know it) vs. being simultaneously in both states until we make a measurement?”
Based on other comments in this post, it seems like the answer may be: Bell’s theorem proves that classical explanations have an upper bound on correlations between the particles, but quantum mechanics predicts a correlation the violates the classical upper bound. And we can experimentally test the correlations in practice.
I think the point is that, for a new theory to become more favored than the current leading theory, the new theory must be consistent with at least as much scientific evidence as the leading theory. From there, the value of predictions is that they give a path for strengthening the theory further.
I think you're right in saying that these are not hard-and-fast rules.
My girlfriend has Celiac's disease, and she was diagnosed about 3 months after we started dating. Before her diagnosis I often wondered if she had some sort of mental illness because she would always describe having out-of-body experiences where she subjectively witnessed herself doing things in third person.
After she was diagnosed and went gluten free, there was an acute "rebound" phase where she had very painful rashes like the article mentions. But she also had a lot more energy and no longer slept 12 hours a day. The symptoms that made me worry about mental illness completely went away within a few weeks of her going gluten free.
This is all anecdotal but it seems very plausible that gluten can cause brain lesions in those with Celiac's.
When you write a unit test, you are writing code that expresses intended behavior in a different way than the original implementation. The probability of making exactly corresponding errors (i.e. the implementation is wrong but the test incorrectly checks it and erroneously passes) is lower than the probability of making errors in the original implementation independently of any tests. If your test is incorrect, chances are good that it is wrong in a different way than your implementation, and ideally this will trigger a failure that will lead you to recognize your mistake and fix it.
If you do not feel that first-degree tests offer enough confidence in the correctness of your code, then by all means write tests for the tests. But that many will find this idea absurd demonstrates that the cost/benefit ratio diminishes the more meta you get. (EDIT: Especially since integration and other tests also help contribute to the confidence that the code is correct.)
Alternatively, if your unit test is so similar to the implementation itself that corresponding errors (between the implementation and the test) are likely, then it is probably a poorly written test and of little value.
2FA is absolutely the future and I believe globally payments should move in this direction… I’m just pointing out that even in Europe, this has not been the standard for all that long. That said I hope other countries/regions follow the example — the EEA seems to lead the charge on major online issues, e.g. payments and privacy.