It's called "sideloading" because you're sneakily installing software without the manufacturer's consent.
Remember it's never your device, you just have permission to use it.
Apple is likely to maliciously comply by allowing external links yet introducing new restrictions and guidelines that will dissuade developers from even trying.
This would be in line with their attempt to charge further commissions in South Korea and the Netherlands after being forced allow alternative payment systems for certain app categories.
If this fact makes you uneasy just know that 100% of the universe's galaxies, except the one we are currently in, are already unreachable within your lifetime.
Not quite. There can be a null value if the object type allows for it, think Optional<T>.
What you can't have is an undefined object, as you could in Javascript for example.
"Data from his phone indicates that a mobile game was active during his drive and that his hands were not on the wheel during the six seconds ahead of the crash."
Funny thing is Microsoft has much better documentation on Apple's very own frameworks. Simply compare their documentation on this arbitrary type (CIAffineClamp):