Ersatz - Deep neural networks in the cloud(ersatz1.com)
ersatz1.com
Ersatz - Deep neural networks in the cloud
http://www.ersatz1.com
15 comments
Yeah, it's a really good point.
I haven't played with automatic parameter selection much (but have been seeing more papers on it recently) so I hadn't really considered it all that closely.
While I'd like to give people a fair amount of control over model parameters if they want, it probably is very important that I make things as turnkey as I can. Shouldn't be too tough to hack something together and make it an option during training.
While I'm trying to start things off relatively simply, the overall goal really is towards allowing people to create models that act as parts of much larger systems, maybe larger neural nets themselves. A sort of genetic algorithm that spawns new neural networks with random parameters and random connections to previous networks could be kind of neat, and making the base elements of those types of architectures (a single fully connected deep net, for example) easily accessible is a first step towards that goal.
I haven't played with automatic parameter selection much (but have been seeing more papers on it recently) so I hadn't really considered it all that closely.
While I'd like to give people a fair amount of control over model parameters if they want, it probably is very important that I make things as turnkey as I can. Shouldn't be too tough to hack something together and make it an option during training.
While I'm trying to start things off relatively simply, the overall goal really is towards allowing people to create models that act as parts of much larger systems, maybe larger neural nets themselves. A sort of genetic algorithm that spawns new neural networks with random parameters and random connections to previous networks could be kind of neat, and making the base elements of those types of architectures (a single fully connected deep net, for example) easily accessible is a first step towards that goal.
Link to the paper:
http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/v13/bergstra12a.html
I agree that the hyper-parameter selection is a huge pain, personally though, I am more familiar with the work of Snoek et al. [1] from NIPS in December last year. He even distributes a neat Python package that will perform Bayesian optimisation combined with MCMC [2] so that even people, like me, that are not yet familiar with Gaussian Processes can deploy it easily.
[1]: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.2944v2
[2]: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jasper/software.html
[1]: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.2944v2
[2]: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jasper/software.html
Presumably if you have a GPU backed cloud DBN. Hyper parameter selection is faster than one param per day.
Also how to you choose the parameters to the hyper parameter tuner? I am never convinced these things work given no free lunch theorem.
Does this, and the Google Prediction API, and similar emerging offerings, herald the beginning of an "AIaaS" (Artificial Intelligence as a Service") market?
Isn't the CPU/GPU intensive part of working with neural networks the training of them? Once the network is trained to within an acceptable error-rate why would you need the cloud?
Can we export the trained model back out and use it, or only query it with the API?
Little bit confusing on what this actually is. Is this
1) Cloud GPU computation where you upload some special model code that is run on the neural network? ie. your own code
2) Upload data and run some pre-specified models on it, such as in the example you have a '-d model=spanish_speech_recognizer' - in which case the offering is all about how many and how good your pre-defined models are.
The two different use cases are for completely different target audiences.
1) Cloud GPU computation where you upload some special model code that is run on the neural network? ie. your own code
2) Upload data and run some pre-specified models on it, such as in the example you have a '-d model=spanish_speech_recognizer' - in which case the offering is all about how many and how good your pre-defined models are.
The two different use cases are for completely different target audiences.
Sure, I see the confusion.
So basically, you bring the data, pick the neural network architecture you want to use, and set its parameters. The model trains on the data you've given it using a GPU cluster (which still takes a while)
'spanish_speech_recognizer' is the name of the model you just trained, where 'MRNN' is the actual architecture (a multiplicative recurrent neural network as described in http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~ilya/pubs/2011/LANG-RNN.pdf) used in the example.
So the models themselves aren't pre-defined, but the architectures you can use are. You can play with a lot of different parameters (if you want), but you don't have to worry about optimizing the code for GPU or making sure your implementation of the algo itself is correct. At least that's the idea.
So basically, you bring the data, pick the neural network architecture you want to use, and set its parameters. The model trains on the data you've given it using a GPU cluster (which still takes a while)
'spanish_speech_recognizer' is the name of the model you just trained, where 'MRNN' is the actual architecture (a multiplicative recurrent neural network as described in http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~ilya/pubs/2011/LANG-RNN.pdf) used in the example.
So the models themselves aren't pre-defined, but the architectures you can use are. You can play with a lot of different parameters (if you want), but you don't have to worry about optimizing the code for GPU or making sure your implementation of the algo itself is correct. At least that's the idea.
Just curious, are you using an existing library like Theano, Torch or some other GPU-enabled lib?
Theano mostly--it really is good at what it does
Thanks for explaining it this way.
Looks like you spec some parts of the node layout & maybe types, and it fits that spec against your data. So no support for fully custom layouts / fitting methods, but you can parameterize with for instance more or less layers or number of hidden units.
Parameterizing & fitting these networks (both in having a good underlying representation, and deciding which actual parameterization to use) gets tricky & requires some domain knowledge when you start doing things like conditional or continuous RBMs.
Parameterizing & fitting these networks (both in having a good underlying representation, and deciding which actual parameterization to use) gets tricky & requires some domain knowledge when you start doing things like conditional or continuous RBMs.
Very well explained. Hope you don't mind that I pimped your comment on my personal blog http://www.blogoftravis.com/
Layout is broken for me http://imgur.com/Les2I
Latest Firefox on Ubuntu 12.04.
Latest Firefox on Ubuntu 12.04.
How about presenting some demos to see how it works and what it can do? I worked a bit with Theano and would like to see (video/tour) how this relates.
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Are you hosting your own cluster of using EC2 GPU instances?
Hosting our own for now--although weighing pros/cons of using AWS.
On one hand, AWS GPUs do seem a bit slower than bare metal, and it's theoretically (actually?) more expensive. Plus we get more control if we host our own.
But then again, running a data center is a problem that has been solved and I'm not sure we can create much value there. In practice, it will probably end up a bit of both, depending on demand.
On one hand, AWS GPUs do seem a bit slower than bare metal, and it's theoretically (actually?) more expensive. Plus we get more control if we host our own.
But then again, running a data center is a problem that has been solved and I'm not sure we can create much value there. In practice, it will probably end up a bit of both, depending on demand.
I'd like to see a post-mortem for this submission one the traffic dies down. Most startups these days feature flashy designs, and I've always wondered how much it really mattered. This design is straightforward and not flashy at all, so I'd be interested in seeing the conversion rate of an "academic-looking" design.
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Demo demo demo!
OMG I have been waiting for something like this. Deep Belief Networks have been smashing machine learning records in jsut about every domain. The only problem was that they were annoyingly slow to converge, and hard to program/debug
see Hinton's google code slides for more info on how powerful these things are:- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M (that's 2007, things are even spicier now)
see Hinton's google code slides for more info on how powerful these things are:- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M (that's 2007, things are even spicier now)
That was a great talk, and an impressive demo of feature generation.
This seems like a very small market you're going after. It requires people to have good knowledge of deep neural networks (they have to choose the model, architecture, hidden units, multiplicative units, etc.) I think it would be more interesting and open things up to a wider audience if some of these parameters could be chosen for you.
machine learning in general is a domain for specialists, it won't most of the time if you don't know what you are doing.
As for a small market, I disagree. there may be few people who understand it but these are the ones that are put in charge of trillions of rows of data to analyze too.
This is true. What is also true is that the neural nets themselves have much broader market.
The company I work for could be very interested in testing this service. I requested a beta invite and filled out the survey. Any idea when you might start letting people test it out / accept beta invites?
Yes, most likely Monday. Are you with IOTworks? If so, I've got your survey and will be sure you're on the list.
Although I should add that the response so far has been way beyond what we thought it would be (which is fantastic!), so it may take some time to get to everyone. The beta literally just opened this morning, and I'm not ready to open up the product before working with beta users to polish it up.
Although I should add that the response so far has been way beyond what we thought it would be (which is fantastic!), so it may take some time to get to everyone. The beta literally just opened this morning, and I'm not ready to open up the product before working with beta users to polish it up.
Why? The real pain in the ass in training a deep network is the hyperparameter selection.
What is your learning rate? What is your noise level? What is your regularization parameter?
Choosing these values is a far bigger pain than almost everything else combined.
Doing a grid search is intractable. Random hyperparameter search is better. You can use a sophisticated strategy, like Bergstra et al have proposed.