Can You Stop a Hurricane by Nuking It?(livescience.com)
livescience.com
Can You Stop a Hurricane by Nuking It?
http://www.livescience.com/24383-can-you-stop-a-hurricane-by-nuking-it.html
56 comments
One idea that rears its head almost every hurricane season recently is the notion of bombing a hurricane into submission.
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Finally, whether the bomb would have a minor positive effect, a negative effect, or none at all on the storm's convection cycle, one thing is for sure: It would create a radioactive hurricane, which would be even worse than a normal one.
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Finally, whether the bomb would have a minor positive effect, a negative effect, or none at all on the storm's convection cycle, one thing is for sure: It would create a radioactive hurricane, which would be even worse than a normal one.
Does this idea seriously raise its head almost every hurricane season? Is there any citation for that?
Who (other than Michael Bay) is talking about nuking hurricane?
edit: tried some google news searches, I can't find any discussion about bombing a hurricane other than this article.
Who (other than Michael Bay) is talking about nuking hurricane?
edit: tried some google news searches, I can't find any discussion about bombing a hurricane other than this article.
Hmm, there's quite a lot out there actually. Try a regular search (not news) for "Nuclear bomb hurricane" and see what turns up. A good hour or two's reading at least.
Here's an authoritative discussion from the NOAA: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5c.html
Some wacky ideas here, including using submarines to pump cold water from the ocean depths to the surface to disrupt convection currents: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/meteorology/news-subver...
As to the origin of the idea, all I could find was that it was first proposed in the 1950s (but no source.) That makes sense given that it's an obvious thing to try with a new H-bomb toy. I couldn't find any evidence that the Ploughshares program* in the '60s ever considered it, so I expect the idea was shot down after the first back-of-the-envelope calculation.
*Ploughshares was an exploration of peaceful uses of nuclear explosives. Turns out they're only really good at digging really gigantic holes that you can't use for 50,000 years.
(Edit: ChuckMcM, commenting below, has actually been to a Ploughshares crater and since he didn't die I'll admit that "50,000 years" is poetic hyperbole, not scientific fact.)
Here's an authoritative discussion from the NOAA: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5c.html
Some wacky ideas here, including using submarines to pump cold water from the ocean depths to the surface to disrupt convection currents: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/meteorology/news-subver...
As to the origin of the idea, all I could find was that it was first proposed in the 1950s (but no source.) That makes sense given that it's an obvious thing to try with a new H-bomb toy. I couldn't find any evidence that the Ploughshares program* in the '60s ever considered it, so I expect the idea was shot down after the first back-of-the-envelope calculation.
*Ploughshares was an exploration of peaceful uses of nuclear explosives. Turns out they're only really good at digging really gigantic holes that you can't use for 50,000 years.
(Edit: ChuckMcM, commenting below, has actually been to a Ploughshares crater and since he didn't die I'll admit that "50,000 years" is poetic hyperbole, not scientific fact.)
> *Ploughshares was an exploration of peaceful uses of nuclear explosives. Turns out they're only really good at digging really gigantic holes that you can't use for 50,000 years.
Seems like it might be handy for moving asteroids around, too.
Seems like it might be handy for moving asteroids around, too.
Having walked around the crater at the Nevada nuclear test site that was at least one of the 'ploughshares' tests I can assure you that the ground is safe to walk on in a lot less than 50,000 years. In fact it was 'safe' (as in walk around but probably not sleep there) about 3 days after the test. Unlike nuclear plants which vent fission by products as a function of a partially consumed fuel rod, nuclear explosives work really really hard to extract all of the energy out of the material as quickly as possible which leaves behind few by products, and what are left behind are so dispersed as to pose little to no threat to health.
Not so much. There's nothing out there in space for the explosion to push against. You could break them apart, maybe. You could pad the bomb with propellant mass but that won't really work in the case of an asteroid. (It's extremely difficult to direct the energy while capturing enough of it to be useful, so you need small bombs and lots of them. Then you have the ablation problem on the surface of the pushee - ie the asteroid.) Project Orion explored the concept of bomb propulsion at great length.
Two references for you:
Pale Blue Dot, by Carl Sagan, contains a thorough exploration of the technology required to divert earth-bound asteroids, and the consequences of possessing that technology.
Project Orion, by George Dyson, is the definitive history of the 1950's & '60s project to construct a nuclear bomb-powered spacecraft capable of crossing the solar system in months.
Two references for you:
Pale Blue Dot, by Carl Sagan, contains a thorough exploration of the technology required to divert earth-bound asteroids, and the consequences of possessing that technology.
Project Orion, by George Dyson, is the definitive history of the 1950's & '60s project to construct a nuclear bomb-powered spacecraft capable of crossing the solar system in months.
The basic idea is to ablate the asteroid to deflect it:
https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/343984.pdf
http://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lare...
As a Florida resident, I can anecdotally confirm that the "What if we nuke it?" question circulates fairly often. Usually in years where a powerful or damaging storm appears, especially when places that don't usually get them are hit.
Yes, it does raise its head. NOAA even has it as part of its FAQ, at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5c.html :
> During each hurricane season, there always appear suggestions that one should simply use nuclear weapons to try and destroy the storms. Apart from the fact that this might not even alter the storm, this approach neglects the problem that the released radioactive fallout would fairly quickly move with the tradewinds to affect land areas and cause devastating environmental problems. Needless to say, this is not a good idea.
Here the question is asked in 2004: http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=255086
> During each hurricane season, there always appear suggestions that one should simply use nuclear weapons to try and destroy the storms. Apart from the fact that this might not even alter the storm, this approach neglects the problem that the released radioactive fallout would fairly quickly move with the tradewinds to affect land areas and cause devastating environmental problems. Needless to say, this is not a good idea.
Here the question is asked in 2004: http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=255086
If something is going to cause $10 billion in damage, it's not nuts to consider nuking it to stop it.
Every year the first weekend of the Men's NCAA Basketball tournament is projected to cost billions of dollars in lost productivity to the US economy. Would you consider nuking all of the 8 first-round sites to prevent that loss?
The concept of using technology to change weather has been around since the '50s, at least, with the advent of cloud seeding. Shooting a-bombs at storms seems to fit the gee whiz nuclear-positive culture of the '50s.
"Explain to me how sheep's bladders can be used to prevent earthquakes."
"Certainly, my liege."
"Certainly, my liege."
That was my first reaction. I've never heard people about nuking hurricanes. This is a first.
Also, the guy's name was Landsea. It's always fun when someone's name seems relevant to what they do.
Also, the guy's name was Landsea. It's always fun when someone's name seems relevant to what they do.
Yeah, "radioactive hurricane" should be mentioned a lot earlier. Is anyone really that crazy to consider something like that?
It sounds like the idea of a Bond villain.
I don't think this is solid reasoning. The amount of energy in a system may well dwarf a given input, but that doesn't mean that the system doesn't have multiple equilibria that a sufficiently large delta could shift it to.
For example, the energy to fly a plane into the sky is small compared to what's released in a rainfull, but that doesn't prevent cloud seeding from being (somewhat) effective. The energy from a lit piece of magnesium is much smaller than what results from touching it to a thermite block.
It is of course the responsibility of the pro-nuke-on-hurricane folks (do they even exist?) to offer the mechanism that a nuke uses to shift the hurricane system to a lower energy state in a controlled manner.
For example, the energy to fly a plane into the sky is small compared to what's released in a rainfull, but that doesn't prevent cloud seeding from being (somewhat) effective. The energy from a lit piece of magnesium is much smaller than what results from touching it to a thermite block.
It is of course the responsibility of the pro-nuke-on-hurricane folks (do they even exist?) to offer the mechanism that a nuke uses to shift the hurricane system to a lower energy state in a controlled manner.
If they considered it in the 60s, my inclination is to think there was something to it. It sounds like an idea of Teller's (not a dope). In fact, a quick Google search just confirmed this to me.
The first approximation energy considerations quoted in the article and elsewhere in the comments here are not the same as a model of what happens in a physical system when you set off a bomb in a hurricane.
What a hydrogen bomb tends to do is to expel a cylinder of atmosphere straight upwards. Why didn't they ever build bombs greater than a 100 megatons? Not because it would have been too hard. It is easy to do. Instead, past 100 megatons, the extra energy just expels that cylinder of air into outer space even faster. So there is no reason to build a larger bomb.
What happens to a hurricane when a chunk at its center is launched into outer space? Or several chunks? Teller thought it was worth finding out. And there are very few physicists fit to lace up that man's boots. So it might be worth investigating.
The first approximation energy considerations quoted in the article and elsewhere in the comments here are not the same as a model of what happens in a physical system when you set off a bomb in a hurricane.
What a hydrogen bomb tends to do is to expel a cylinder of atmosphere straight upwards. Why didn't they ever build bombs greater than a 100 megatons? Not because it would have been too hard. It is easy to do. Instead, past 100 megatons, the extra energy just expels that cylinder of air into outer space even faster. So there is no reason to build a larger bomb.
What happens to a hurricane when a chunk at its center is launched into outer space? Or several chunks? Teller thought it was worth finding out. And there are very few physicists fit to lace up that man's boots. So it might be worth investigating.
It's funny how even if you could do this (and thank goodness you cannot) people would be for it, but shutting down coal plants to possibly reduce frequency and energy level of hurricanes, nah that's too much inconvenience. Radioactive hurricane, much less hassle.
[deleted]
What is the evidence that this is true? How much would it cost? (Coal provides ~30% of US electric power. It's not a trivial inconvenience to shut that down)
As I recall, environmentalists went all doom-and-gloom after hurricane Katrina, and that was followed by many years of below average hurricane activity. How many hurricanes per year could we prevent by spending, say, 10% of our GDP on carbon reduction? How many more hurricanes occur today than 100 years ago?
As I recall, environmentalists went all doom-and-gloom after hurricane Katrina, and that was followed by many years of below average hurricane activity. How many hurricanes per year could we prevent by spending, say, 10% of our GDP on carbon reduction? How many more hurricanes occur today than 100 years ago?
> How many more hurricanes occur today than 100 years ago?
Rhetorical question. It's not about the amount of hurricanes, but their strength and their path. Apparently Sandy was blocked by an anti-cyclone south of Greenland and instead of turning right it turned sharply left and made landfall. These highs are linked by latest research to the loss of ice in the Arctic. And connecting higher ocean temperature with more powerful hurricanes is trivial.
So, it is not about preventing hurricanes it is about preventing damage and victims and keeping the infrastructure functional. In this context you can easily justify closing fossil power plants.
Rhetorical question. It's not about the amount of hurricanes, but their strength and their path. Apparently Sandy was blocked by an anti-cyclone south of Greenland and instead of turning right it turned sharply left and made landfall. These highs are linked by latest research to the loss of ice in the Arctic. And connecting higher ocean temperature with more powerful hurricanes is trivial.
So, it is not about preventing hurricanes it is about preventing damage and victims and keeping the infrastructure functional. In this context you can easily justify closing fossil power plants.
Finally, whether the bomb would have a minor positive effect, a negative effect, or none at all on the storm's convection cycle, one thing is for sure: It would create a radioactive hurricane
If that isn't an awesome opening scene of a superhero film I don't know what is.
If that isn't an awesome opening scene of a superhero film I don't know what is.
Wow... an Aquaman movie that I might actually watch...
Human ingenuity is quite good at delivering enormous amounts of energy over a very short time. Nature deploys merely huge energies, but does so for very long periods. She wins, every single time.
Nature wins until we manage to get better models and find ways to leverage so that we won't even have to deliver an enormous amount of energy but just the right amount at the right moment in the right place.
We created dams, removed marshes, harnassed hydraulic power, etc - feats unbelievable hundreds of years before. And before us, Romans did also uncredible feats - such as the aqueducts. We keep on improving. Nature more or less remains the same. The end result seems quite clear to me.
The human race has something nature lacks : a mind, which comes with a will and the capacity to understand.
If we haven't bothered to fix something yet, maybe it's because the problem is not so important. But I'm sure that if it tilts in the other way, we can find solutions - or wait until we have the technology to achieve it.
We created dams, removed marshes, harnassed hydraulic power, etc - feats unbelievable hundreds of years before. And before us, Romans did also uncredible feats - such as the aqueducts. We keep on improving. Nature more or less remains the same. The end result seems quite clear to me.
The human race has something nature lacks : a mind, which comes with a will and the capacity to understand.
If we haven't bothered to fix something yet, maybe it's because the problem is not so important. But I'm sure that if it tilts in the other way, we can find solutions - or wait until we have the technology to achieve it.
And dams burst, reclaimed marshes flood, aqueducts collapse. We can carve out a tenuous effect but it'll only last as long as we expend energy to maintain it.
> If we haven't bothered to fix something yet, maybe it's because the problem is not so important.
This is rather callous. The catastrophic tsunami in Japan was a problem of some importance, yet with all our art we could barely predict its arrival, much less affect it.
Your first sentence makes a good point - the 'three rights.' So, can you name an example where the directed application of energy has affected - in a predictable fashion - some natural process of the scale of a hurricane? Earthquakes, climate change, tsunami, storms... Not much of a track record as far as I can see. (Cloud seeding, perhaps? Hardly predictable.)
I think your faith in humanity's power is premature at best, more likely misplaced.
> Nature more or less remains the same. The end result seems quite clear to me.
> ...or wait until we have the technology to achieve it.
Nature might well remain the same, but it's still hardly within our comprehension. The end result you're talking about, that mastery of nature, would appear to be many thousands of years in the future if we ever achieve it.
> If we haven't bothered to fix something yet, maybe it's because the problem is not so important.
This is rather callous. The catastrophic tsunami in Japan was a problem of some importance, yet with all our art we could barely predict its arrival, much less affect it.
Your first sentence makes a good point - the 'three rights.' So, can you name an example where the directed application of energy has affected - in a predictable fashion - some natural process of the scale of a hurricane? Earthquakes, climate change, tsunami, storms... Not much of a track record as far as I can see. (Cloud seeding, perhaps? Hardly predictable.)
I think your faith in humanity's power is premature at best, more likely misplaced.
> Nature more or less remains the same. The end result seems quite clear to me.
> ...or wait until we have the technology to achieve it.
Nature might well remain the same, but it's still hardly within our comprehension. The end result you're talking about, that mastery of nature, would appear to be many thousands of years in the future if we ever achieve it.
"dams burst (...) it'll only last as long as we expend energy to maintain it" - true
But as our construction techniques improve, maintainance cost are reduced (or alternatively reconstruction costs are reduced - it's all a tradeoff)
Also, look at what happened as a consequence of the tsunamis - we are getting better at monitoring them.
We will also certainly get a better understanding on how they behave, and maybe how to mitigate them (IIRC wavefronts of opposing frequency cancel out- maybe someday we'll be able to do something like that)
It all takes time- if only to develop understanding on what to do, what to avoid, and technology on how to actually do something.
I'm not denying the fact that we are not able to fix the weather - yet. But in the long run, we will.
It certainly is premature to put much faith in that, yet look at the ideas for geoengineering- it's very inspiring.
I don't want to be overtly optimistic - humans are great - but we also have flaws, mostly social. There are indeed very concerning in the short run - especially in the west and in Europe, where something is going wrong (less interest in science, less willpower, lesser will to live?). But the world is a big place, and if the current powerhouses stop innovating, someone else will take the lead. It doesn't really matters who does.
So in the long run, I'm sure the human race will win against nature (as in total win - incluing whole brain emulation), if we just manage to not destroy ourselves due to existential risks in the process.
These are IMHO the only real obstacles to acheiving that.
But as our construction techniques improve, maintainance cost are reduced (or alternatively reconstruction costs are reduced - it's all a tradeoff)
Also, look at what happened as a consequence of the tsunamis - we are getting better at monitoring them.
We will also certainly get a better understanding on how they behave, and maybe how to mitigate them (IIRC wavefronts of opposing frequency cancel out- maybe someday we'll be able to do something like that)
It all takes time- if only to develop understanding on what to do, what to avoid, and technology on how to actually do something.
I'm not denying the fact that we are not able to fix the weather - yet. But in the long run, we will.
It certainly is premature to put much faith in that, yet look at the ideas for geoengineering- it's very inspiring.
I don't want to be overtly optimistic - humans are great - but we also have flaws, mostly social. There are indeed very concerning in the short run - especially in the west and in Europe, where something is going wrong (less interest in science, less willpower, lesser will to live?). But the world is a big place, and if the current powerhouses stop innovating, someone else will take the lead. It doesn't really matters who does.
So in the long run, I'm sure the human race will win against nature (as in total win - incluing whole brain emulation), if we just manage to not destroy ourselves due to existential risks in the process.
These are IMHO the only real obstacles to acheiving that.
Just to make this all portentous, you're basically saying that we can only win against nature when we've won against ourselves? There's a religion in there somewhere :)
One might argue that there's defeat inherent in the idea of conflict with nature. We are a part of it, after all. Perhaps cooperation and understanding are the real path? We don't bomb the tsunami into oblivion, but learn to watch for it and get out of the way when it comes. There are many examples of this philosophy of 'going with the grain': buildings which use ground-source heat pumps, unforced convection and solar panels for HVAC & hot water; kite-driven cargo ships, and so on. The tree that yields survives the storm.
I'm sorry to say that I don't find geoengineering inspiring at all. I find it terrifying. We do not understand the mechanisms at work in global climate at all, yet we're presuming to try and pull the levers to create an outcome years hence. Have these people never heard about chaos, about sensitivity to initial starting conditions? It's exceptionally dangerous.
Most of us look down on 'cargo cult' programmers, people who copy and paste stuff from the web into an editor with no idea how it works, bashing away until it compiles. That's what geoengineering is. To extend the metaphor, we don't have the first clue about the world's API, even what language it's written in, whether it's functional, object oriented or what have you[1]. We're trying to change the value of a few public ivars in the hope that something will happen.
The consequences though! It's not just a compile error: we have some greedy, pig-headed salesman dumping kilotonnes of heavy metal into a rich ocean ecosystem so he can sell some phantom bits of paper to industrial polluters.
I'm coming across like some Sierra Club hardliner here. It's not right, because I'm not, I'm a proper capitalist and I love a supercharged V8 more than I like cigars and steak. I really do hate arrogance though, and I'm a big fan of the precautionary principle.
[1](Everyone knows it's actually in Lisp.)
One might argue that there's defeat inherent in the idea of conflict with nature. We are a part of it, after all. Perhaps cooperation and understanding are the real path? We don't bomb the tsunami into oblivion, but learn to watch for it and get out of the way when it comes. There are many examples of this philosophy of 'going with the grain': buildings which use ground-source heat pumps, unforced convection and solar panels for HVAC & hot water; kite-driven cargo ships, and so on. The tree that yields survives the storm.
I'm sorry to say that I don't find geoengineering inspiring at all. I find it terrifying. We do not understand the mechanisms at work in global climate at all, yet we're presuming to try and pull the levers to create an outcome years hence. Have these people never heard about chaos, about sensitivity to initial starting conditions? It's exceptionally dangerous.
Most of us look down on 'cargo cult' programmers, people who copy and paste stuff from the web into an editor with no idea how it works, bashing away until it compiles. That's what geoengineering is. To extend the metaphor, we don't have the first clue about the world's API, even what language it's written in, whether it's functional, object oriented or what have you[1]. We're trying to change the value of a few public ivars in the hope that something will happen.
The consequences though! It's not just a compile error: we have some greedy, pig-headed salesman dumping kilotonnes of heavy metal into a rich ocean ecosystem so he can sell some phantom bits of paper to industrial polluters.
I'm coming across like some Sierra Club hardliner here. It's not right, because I'm not, I'm a proper capitalist and I love a supercharged V8 more than I like cigars and steak. I really do hate arrogance though, and I'm a big fan of the precautionary principle.
[1](Everyone knows it's actually in Lisp.)
I really do not agree with what you say afterwards, but you introduce it in a really beautiful way - "we can only win against nature when we've won against ourselves" is a great question.
I do not have an answer, just a gut feeling that both can be done at the same time.
I do not have an answer, just a gut feeling that both can be done at the same time.
You seem to be forgetting about the billion or so human-made combustion engines, that are easily capable of altering the global climate in a few years.
Or about the tens of thousands of nukes, that can strip the poles of ice caps if properly deployed and again completely change the climate.
Or the probably achievable proposed projects of building solar mirrors or seeding the south oceans with iron.
One can look at the amount of energy humankind was commanding 300 years ago and now, and than extrapolate that to the next 300 years. That power would be enough to move stars around, not talking about a single planet surface fluctuations in gas pressure.
Or about the tens of thousands of nukes, that can strip the poles of ice caps if properly deployed and again completely change the climate.
Or the probably achievable proposed projects of building solar mirrors or seeding the south oceans with iron.
One can look at the amount of energy humankind was commanding 300 years ago and now, and than extrapolate that to the next 300 years. That power would be enough to move stars around, not talking about a single planet surface fluctuations in gas pressure.
A less baity title: You cannot stop a hurricane by nuking it.
If the headline is a question, the answer is no.
I would prefer 'Ah nuclear weapons - what can't you stop?'
Hurricanes would not be a problem if you Americans really understood fairytale about three pigs and bad wolf and start to build your houses from bricks instead of paper. Then you would need to just ensure that you have full fridge of food and a lot of books to read, no need to evacuate.
I've heard this sort of sentiment come from Europeans before. Apparently it's part of the "stupid americans" myth in Europe that American construction is "shoddy" and that's why weather is so destructive here.
Of course Europe receives very few hurricanes because they typically move from east to west from the intertropical convergence zones and Europe has no east coast exposed to an ITCZ. Some parts of Europe (such as Britain) receive many tornado strikes but ones with the intensity of those in America are rare. The USA is the only country that receives several F5 strikes per year, and the British tornado scale starts classification of cyclones at much lower wind speed, were we'd just describe it as an 'F0' or not even classify it as a tornado.
An F2 on our scale (T4 on theirs) struck Birmingham in 2006 and caused forty million pounds of damage to many brick buildings: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Tornado_%28UK%29
Brick is actually a poor material to use against high wind loads because has little tensile strength. When high loads are applied to a brick wall, the two ends of it are supported by the adjoining walls, which cause bending stress on the wall, and tension on the interior of the wall between supports. The wall then buckles inward.
The only truly suitable building materials are ones with high tensile strength: steel, reinforced concrete, and core-reinforced cinderblock. Practically speaking, the odds of any one building in the midwest getting hit by a tornado are very small and so people understandably don't want to live in a concrete bunker on the very slim chance that they get hit. Florida, however, does seem to have a great deal of concrete and masonry construction, even in homes. Although it's worth keeping in mind that the majority of the damage from a hurricane comes from flooding rather than wind.
Of course Europe receives very few hurricanes because they typically move from east to west from the intertropical convergence zones and Europe has no east coast exposed to an ITCZ. Some parts of Europe (such as Britain) receive many tornado strikes but ones with the intensity of those in America are rare. The USA is the only country that receives several F5 strikes per year, and the British tornado scale starts classification of cyclones at much lower wind speed, were we'd just describe it as an 'F0' or not even classify it as a tornado.
An F2 on our scale (T4 on theirs) struck Birmingham in 2006 and caused forty million pounds of damage to many brick buildings: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Tornado_%28UK%29
Brick is actually a poor material to use against high wind loads because has little tensile strength. When high loads are applied to a brick wall, the two ends of it are supported by the adjoining walls, which cause bending stress on the wall, and tension on the interior of the wall between supports. The wall then buckles inward.
The only truly suitable building materials are ones with high tensile strength: steel, reinforced concrete, and core-reinforced cinderblock. Practically speaking, the odds of any one building in the midwest getting hit by a tornado are very small and so people understandably don't want to live in a concrete bunker on the very slim chance that they get hit. Florida, however, does seem to have a great deal of concrete and masonry construction, even in homes. Although it's worth keeping in mind that the majority of the damage from a hurricane comes from flooding rather than wind.
A flooded house is difficult to live in, even a flooded brick house. The calls for mandatory evac were made because of coastal flooding.
I'm to understand that very few tropical cyclones reach inland Europe; if you're European, I doubt that you understand what it's like. Why don't you spend a few years living in coastal Florida, and see how your snark holds up after surviving a few of these storms?
I'm to understand that very few tropical cyclones reach inland Europe; if you're European, I doubt that you understand what it's like. Why don't you spend a few years living in coastal Florida, and see how your snark holds up after surviving a few of these storms?
A fridge full of food isn't that useful if it's flooded full of water.
I can also anecdotally verify that New York City is not built from paper, but I doubt a more scientific study is required to back up my experience.
(The tone of your post is also not in the spirit of Hacker News and its Guidelines.)
I can also anecdotally verify that New York City is not built from paper, but I doubt a more scientific study is required to back up my experience.
(The tone of your post is also not in the spirit of Hacker News and its Guidelines.)
"and start to build your houses from bricks instead of paper"
Funny - I was thinking about my service in Okinawa, years ago. You know how in Karate Kid 2 they had paper houses because 'Japan'? Not so much.
Homes in Okinawa are built of cinderblocks and concrete with flat roofs because they get typhoons on a regular basis. So regular that 'typhoons' are how they replenish their water supply.
I suspect that one reason more homes in the US are not built like hurricane bunkers is that for any given locale in 'hurricane' range the odds of having an actual hurricane blow over are not 'will happen' but 'may happen'.
Think of it this way: every single home in the US within X miles of the coast from Maine to Texas would have to be 'hurricane' proof. That's a lot of construction.
Funny - I was thinking about my service in Okinawa, years ago. You know how in Karate Kid 2 they had paper houses because 'Japan'? Not so much.
Homes in Okinawa are built of cinderblocks and concrete with flat roofs because they get typhoons on a regular basis. So regular that 'typhoons' are how they replenish their water supply.
I suspect that one reason more homes in the US are not built like hurricane bunkers is that for any given locale in 'hurricane' range the odds of having an actual hurricane blow over are not 'will happen' but 'may happen'.
Think of it this way: every single home in the US within X miles of the coast from Maine to Texas would have to be 'hurricane' proof. That's a lot of construction.
Funny, the opposite lesson is sometimes true: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Royal
In fact, there aren't a lot of paper homes in the United States (There are none.) Most Americans prefer brick homes but they're relatively expensive and don't really protect you from the worst of hurricanes. They also don't protect your power supply so that fridge full of food better not be perishable.
In fact, there aren't a lot of paper homes in the United States (There are none.) Most Americans prefer brick homes but they're relatively expensive and don't really protect you from the worst of hurricanes. They also don't protect your power supply so that fridge full of food better not be perishable.
Would have enjoyed this more if it were an xkcd "what if?"
I'd like to see the answer of opening a portal from a normal- pressure area to a low-pressure area applied to the eye of a hurricane.
http://what-if.xkcd.com/14/
http://what-if.xkcd.com/14/
Given that the answer is 'no', perhaps a better question would be "How many nukes would you need to stop a hurricane?"
"Unfortunately, this idea, which has been around in some form since the 1960s, wouldn't work." :-(
Intellectual Ventures has an anti-hurricane project, deploying little rafts that cool the surface of the ocean:
http://intellectualventureslab.com/?p=321
Freakonomics discussed it on marketplace, (I think it's in one of the books too): http://www.freakonomics.com/2011/09/06/the-hurricane-vaccine...
Freakonomics discussed it on marketplace, (I think it's in one of the books too): http://www.freakonomics.com/2011/09/06/the-hurricane-vaccine...
I haven't read anything here about the environmental effects of stopping hurricanes. Yes, it sucks that they show up and flood our cities and destory our houses, but they are definitely a common part of the carribean ecosystem.
It seems imprudent to try and stop them without considering this. Who knows what kinds of disasters we'd be trading for hurricanes - regardless of the technology we use to stop them.
It seems imprudent to try and stop them without considering this. Who knows what kinds of disasters we'd be trading for hurricanes - regardless of the technology we use to stop them.
Why bring up nuclear weapons at all? Modern science has brought us the MOAB and the ATBIP, which are non-nuclear.
Because their yields are several orders of magnitude lower than modern nuclear warheads.
If they are so energy dense, why nuke them?
Harvest them.
Harvest them.
Follow up story from the department of really utterly terrible ideas: Can you cure headache by shooting yourself?
tldr; no.
The correct answer is: about 8 inches.