Uncomfortable answers to questions on Economy(nytimes.com)
nytimes.com
Uncomfortable answers to questions on Economy
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/19/business/economy/19econ.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5087&em&en=c29054f685d998d6&ex=1217044800
14 comments
Anchoring. It takes time for people's expectations to adjust to a new reality. Folks are still saying "Well, if I can't sell for $400K [or $1M in my neck of the woods], I'll just take my house off the market and wait for the market to turn around." This'll continue until they realize that they're paying more in taxes and mortgage payments than their house is likely to appreciate in the forseeable future.
A good leading indicator for home prices is home inventories, which are still at record levels (though they've seem to have stabilized for now). The inventory report is a measure of how many homes are nominally on the market but aren't selling because the price is too high - the price has to adjust downwards until inventories reach normal, frictional levels.
A good leading indicator for home prices is home inventories, which are still at record levels (though they've seem to have stabilized for now). The inventory report is a measure of how many homes are nominally on the market but aren't selling because the price is too high - the price has to adjust downwards until inventories reach normal, frictional levels.
The mortgage bailout is an effort to keep people in houses, even if they can't afford them. It keeps homes from going back on the market where competition would further lower the price level.
The Bush attempts to buy stock directly in the two Fannies are almost equally embarrassing, being a bailout of shareholders that in no way affects the viability of the business, which is guaranteed by the government anyway. Let them all go broke.
The Bush attempts to buy stock directly in the two Fannies are almost equally embarrassing, being a bailout of shareholders that in no way affects the viability of the business, which is guaranteed by the government anyway. Let them all go broke.
The prices are actually only falling in areas where it's possible to build more houses. In those areas, the price of housing must eventually fall to the marginal cost of production. In areas where zoning laws and density make new construction very difficult ( Boston, San Francisco, Seattle, New York) housing prices remain very high. Houses have essentially become collectibles ( like paintings or baseball cards). Because you can't create more of them, the price holds up against an inflating dollar.
Even most financial planning books/sites will tell you that it's "normal" to spend about 30% of your after-tax income on housing. WTF? Since when it's been "normal"?
30% of after-tax income doesn't sound unreasonable to me. Given that:
(a) in most areas there's more people than blocks of land in nice places, and
(b) living in a nice place makes a very significant difference to your quality of life
it makes sense that people are going to be willing to pay a significant fraction of their income in order to live in a nice place.
The only problem is the places where you can no longer buy a house on ~30% of the average local income. That's not sustainable.
30% of after-tax income doesn't sound unreasonable to me. Given that:
(a) in most areas there's more people than blocks of land in nice places, and
(b) living in a nice place makes a very significant difference to your quality of life
it makes sense that people are going to be willing to pay a significant fraction of their income in order to live in a nice place.
The only problem is the places where you can no longer buy a house on ~30% of the average local income. That's not sustainable.
At least to me, it seems this entire recession (or whatever you want to call it) is an entirely natural occurrence. When the average debt for a household becomes 120% of income, something is drastically wrong. From indiscriminate lending to sub-prime mortgages, it all makes me wonder, "Well, what did you think was going to happen?"
What this and other articles on the subject don't seem to explain very well, is why this has happened.
A 1973 article from Time concluded :
"Today, outside the mortgage field, U.S. usury laws are full of holes; business loans, car loans and charge accounts are almost always exempted. As borrowers have been discovering since the federal Truth in Lending law took effect in 1969, they pay as much as 20% on loans from finance companies and even 36% annual interest on mail-order loans. So long as such rates are permitted, usury laws are useless and should be scrapped." http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907860,00.h...
So guess what? People in government listened (or listened to the financial industries lobbyists...), and they did scrap the few remaining usury laws that were still effective.
25 years later we are seeing, in graphic detail, why all those usury laws weren't so useless after all.
A 1973 article from Time concluded :
"Today, outside the mortgage field, U.S. usury laws are full of holes; business loans, car loans and charge accounts are almost always exempted. As borrowers have been discovering since the federal Truth in Lending law took effect in 1969, they pay as much as 20% on loans from finance companies and even 36% annual interest on mail-order loans. So long as such rates are permitted, usury laws are useless and should be scrapped." http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907860,00.h...
So guess what? People in government listened (or listened to the financial industries lobbyists...), and they did scrap the few remaining usury laws that were still effective.
25 years later we are seeing, in graphic detail, why all those usury laws weren't so useless after all.
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One thing I'm wondering: where did the money go? Money is not destroyed (is it?) it just goes to someone else, so where did it all go?
Money can be destroyed by unpaid debts. The past bubble originated from money creation by loans. Read Wikipedia article on fractional reserve banking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking
The money was not destroyed, the person who took out the loan has it. Maybe he spent it, so whoever he gave it to has it, but it was not destroyed.
Fractional reserve banking is a lovely canard that is trotted out constantly, but it is not the monster the internet makes it out to be. Don't believe popular logic just because it's repeated over and over.
Fractional reserver banking, at it's core, is a way of converting collateral into cash, without having to sell it so someone. No value was created. Money was created, but not value.
And writing that just helped me understand what happened: value (of houses) was destroyed, so the money value that went along with it vanished too.
Fractional reserve banking is a lovely canard that is trotted out constantly, but it is not the monster the internet makes it out to be. Don't believe popular logic just because it's repeated over and over.
Fractional reserver banking, at it's core, is a way of converting collateral into cash, without having to sell it so someone. No value was created. Money was created, but not value.
And writing that just helped me understand what happened: value (of houses) was destroyed, so the money value that went along with it vanished too.
I do not see fractional reserve banking as a monster but the mechanism that makes banking a viable business. I have no problems with it or fiat currency
If the bank is unable to reclaim the physical money backing the loan, for example by foreclosing and reselling or having and investor cover the loss, the physical money would be destroyed. You see this happening now with banks raising money by selling equity. In other words if the loaned money bought things with no value or less value than paid then physical money is destroyed. If the loaned money buys things with more value than loaned then physical money would be created. This is simplistic description but I think accurate.
There has to be a mechanism for money and value creation and destruction. Money cannot be conserved. There is clearly more value/wealth and money in the world than 100 years ago.
If the bank is unable to reclaim the physical money backing the loan, for example by foreclosing and reselling or having and investor cover the loss, the physical money would be destroyed. You see this happening now with banks raising money by selling equity. In other words if the loaned money bought things with no value or less value than paid then physical money is destroyed. If the loaned money buys things with more value than loaned then physical money would be created. This is simplistic description but I think accurate.
There has to be a mechanism for money and value creation and destruction. Money cannot be conserved. There is clearly more value/wealth and money in the world than 100 years ago.
That's quite interesting what you write.
It makes me think about gold backed currency. Suppose someone builds a house, there is now more value in the world, but there is the same amount of gold. So if all currency was gold backed it would cause massive deflation as new value was created in the world, but the amount of gold remained constant.
That makes me think that money is not backed by nothing - it's backed by all sorts of physical stuff all over the world.
Am I wrong?
It makes me think about gold backed currency. Suppose someone builds a house, there is now more value in the world, but there is the same amount of gold. So if all currency was gold backed it would cause massive deflation as new value was created in the world, but the amount of gold remained constant.
That makes me think that money is not backed by nothing - it's backed by all sorts of physical stuff all over the world.
Am I wrong?
I agree with what you say about a gold backed currency, or any static currency supply, leading to deflation as new value is created.
I also agree with your other statement that money is backed by all the physical things. I would have said that money is a representation or abstraction of the value of all things that it can buy. As the number of things that can be bought increases the money supply needs to increase to maintain acceptable valuation. If the money available is static the value of things that can be bought would have to deflate to accommodate the new things that can be bought. It seems that the number of things that can bought increases with time so we have to live with one of the two scenarios and seem to prefer the the first. For most people the deflationary scenario would seem more unsettling than the inflationary one.
I also agree with your other statement that money is backed by all the physical things. I would have said that money is a representation or abstraction of the value of all things that it can buy. As the number of things that can be bought increases the money supply needs to increase to maintain acceptable valuation. If the money available is static the value of things that can be bought would have to deflate to accommodate the new things that can be bought. It seems that the number of things that can bought increases with time so we have to live with one of the two scenarios and seem to prefer the the first. For most people the deflationary scenario would seem more unsettling than the inflationary one.
A decent houses/condos in all interesting US metro areas are still in $400K+ range, which is absolutely insane, considering median family incomes.
Even most financial planning books/sites will tell you that it's "normal" to spend about 30% of your after-tax income on housing. WTF? Since when it's been "normal"?