Researchers Create Gold Aluminum, Black Platinum, Blue Silver(rochester.edu)
rochester.edu
Researchers Create Gold Aluminum, Black Platinum, Blue Silver
http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=3106
11 comments
Having personally worked with Guo while he was setting up his lab, I'm really pleased to see him linked on this website. The man is damned smart and it's very true what he said. For those wonder how it all works check out: http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/guo/team/guo.htm and some of his papers.
FTA: Since the process changes the intrinsic surface properties of the metal itself and is not just a coating, the color won't fade or peel, says Guo
Oversold. This is technically true, but any corrosion (or even scratching) will muck up the visible-wavelength-scale features on which this effect depends. I'd have to believe this kind of image would be far more fragile than a simple paint would be...
Oversold. This is technically true, but any corrosion (or even scratching) will muck up the visible-wavelength-scale features on which this effect depends. I'd have to believe this kind of image would be far more fragile than a simple paint would be...
As a material scientist myself, I was curious about their study. So I pulled up their paper in JAP.
My first thought before reading was that the high intensity laser pulses were causing local heating such that any impurities in the solid (ie carbon) diffused onto the surface. Nope, they did an EDS scan and platinum was clearly the dominant element. There were traces of carbon but I think this was due to impurities in the microscope.
So basically what happens (my educated guess) is that the laser pulses break up the surface structure such that different phonon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon) modes are excited when certain wavelengths of light are shined on the surface. Just so happens that wavelengths in the visible range are absorbed so the sample appears black. To create different colors, I guess they just found the correct amount of power and wavelength laser pulse to create the phonon mode that they need.
I don't believe they oversold their technique. Scratching won't really cause this phenomenon. Corrosion maybe, but I doubt they could achieve the same optical properties. Fragility is a legitimate concern, but I'm guessing that if they are interested in industrial applications they will do mechanical testing of the structures.
EDIT: I'd also like to add that I think it's perfectly OK for a scientist to upsell their work. We live and die by the grant system, and funding agencies are all looking for "broader impacts." I'm rather impressed that their group was able to drum up this much press.
My first thought before reading was that the high intensity laser pulses were causing local heating such that any impurities in the solid (ie carbon) diffused onto the surface. Nope, they did an EDS scan and platinum was clearly the dominant element. There were traces of carbon but I think this was due to impurities in the microscope.
So basically what happens (my educated guess) is that the laser pulses break up the surface structure such that different phonon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon) modes are excited when certain wavelengths of light are shined on the surface. Just so happens that wavelengths in the visible range are absorbed so the sample appears black. To create different colors, I guess they just found the correct amount of power and wavelength laser pulse to create the phonon mode that they need.
I don't believe they oversold their technique. Scratching won't really cause this phenomenon. Corrosion maybe, but I doubt they could achieve the same optical properties. Fragility is a legitimate concern, but I'm guessing that if they are interested in industrial applications they will do mechanical testing of the structures.
EDIT: I'd also like to add that I think it's perfectly OK for a scientist to upsell their work. We live and die by the grant system, and funding agencies are all looking for "broader impacts." I'm rather impressed that their group was able to drum up this much press.
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Perhaps a plastic coating to preserve the microstructures...
Still valuable, the colors apparently can be dialed up to order, unlike paint etc which depends upon mixing and batch etc.
A polymer coating would indeed help. In the jargon, we call that stuff "paint". :)
I think the GP meant a varnish, not a paint.
There's absolutely no difference; those are both completely informal terms. A "varnish" (or whatever, there are thousands of names for these thing) is nothing more than a transparent paint base without pigment added. The point was that the claim was made in the article that this is more durable than paint, when AFAICT the only way to make it so it to put a paint(-like coating) on top of the surface anyway. So how is it more durable? Scratch the coating and you scratch off the fancy micro-texture.
It could for instance be more durable because it doesn't fade due to ultra-violet light breaking down the pigment.
The same is true of ionic pigments, though. Only the organics fade in sunlight. Again, hardly an earth-shattering innovation. Might make it useful in toys where toxic pigments can't be used...
How about a micro-coating. Not applied like paint, deposited on the surface like an integrated circuit layer, microns thick. SUre you can still call it paint, you can call the layers of an integrated circuit paint but its deposited differently, is a differnt industrial process, mechanically different, different thermal characteristics, lots of things.
More significant in my original comment was this: the color can be "dialed", kind of like "digital color". Paint is imperfectly mixed material with wide color/reflectivity variation over a surface. This new method of coloring a surface is uniform. Imagine the efficiency of a color filter, absorbtive surface, radiative surface etc if the optical properties could be tightly controlled over a wide area.
2008? There's some interesting stuff from the same team summarized at this link: http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/person/chunlei-guo
I was wondering... how do you control those lasers? To have a pulse of one femtosecond you would need something running at petahertz... of course I'm missing something...
Femtosecond lasers are actually common nowadays. We use a Ti-sapph at my lab.
Unless I'm crazy, Prat's answer is actually unrelated to your question. It's an article about pulse shaping, which is used to, well, change the shape of an ultra-short pulse. Not generate it.
What you want to look for is mode-locking. Essentially it's based on interference. You have a lot of standing waves in a laser cavity and lock them so that they all have the same phase. Then they'll interfere destructively except at a regular interval where they add up to make a powerful but very short pulse. Imagine water in a pool, if you generate waves just right you can get it to splash suddenly and powerfully in certain spots, even though your wave machine itself can't generate such strong splashes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode-locking
Disclaimer: I use these lasers sometimes, but I'm in signal processing, not physics.
Unless I'm crazy, Prat's answer is actually unrelated to your question. It's an article about pulse shaping, which is used to, well, change the shape of an ultra-short pulse. Not generate it.
What you want to look for is mode-locking. Essentially it's based on interference. You have a lot of standing waves in a laser cavity and lock them so that they all have the same phase. Then they'll interfere destructively except at a regular interval where they add up to make a powerful but very short pulse. Imagine water in a pool, if you generate waves just right you can get it to splash suddenly and powerfully in certain spots, even though your wave machine itself can't generate such strong splashes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode-locking
Disclaimer: I use these lasers sometimes, but I'm in signal processing, not physics.
Thanks.. that explains the generation of the pulse - the link I posted probably relates to fine tuning the shape to get the desired color.
Abstract: Shaping of the phase, amplitude, and polarization state of an
ultrashort pulse is demonstrated using a novel arrangement of a single,
linear, high-resolution liquid crystal array. Orthogonal polarization components,
separated by a Wollaston prism, are manipulated independently and
re-combined in a near-common path, common-optic geometry.
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/DirectPDFAccess/D685BD2D-BDB9-...
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/DirectPDFAccess/D685BD2D-BDB9-...
Nice, I can't wait for rappers to start donning and rapping about their new multicolored gold chains.
This is dated February 1st, 2008. Shouldn't we be seeing applications of this by now?
Link above. Applications include micrometer-scale imaging using terahertz radiation, which is less dangerous than x-rays because it's non-ionizing, and several others...though past experience suggests that the time between lab discovery and commercial products is often a decade.
Here is a December 8, 2009 article from the University of Rochester website that describes some additional uses: http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=3514
A line from star trek:
"Transparent aluminum???"
"Transparent aluminum???"
Transparent aluminum is called alumina, and it exists, and it's incredibly hard. But not perfectly transparent (it's difficult to manufacture).
All metals are transparent if the layer is thin enough.
Not if you etch a pattern of holes in the layer!
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/aktuelles/presse/2009/116.en.htm...
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/aktuelles/presse/2009/116.en.htm...
Fascinating!
I'm surprised no one has mentioned this yet, but this is the secret to alchemy! A couple of laser bursts and you can turn lead to gold.
Just watch out for anyone named Saro...
Just watch out for anyone named Saro...
I'm just waiting for the Red Kryptonite.
What will happen to jewelry prices? Does this mean we can make perfect aluminum jewelry that looks like gold (except for weight and such)? Would people care if they could get real gold or fake aluminum that looks identical and is muuuuch cheaper?
I guess that already happens.. they have fakes for everything from gold to diamonds. Electroplating was invented long back - however, the fact that this technique prevents peeling off etc., means that fakes would be more durable. In any case, I think there is probably something more cutting edge they can do with this technology.
Part of the magic of the Magic Shiny Rocks is that if it is not as expensive as real, genuine Magic Shiny Rocks it isn't as esteemed and makes you an evil, evil person. Except for using alloys or "flawed" Magic Shiny Rocks, those methods of generating Magic Shiny Rocks for cheapskates are traditional.
> Would people care if they could get real gold or fake aluminum that looks identical and is muuuuch cheaper?
Yes.
Neither diamonds or gold are really that desirable for jewelry. Gold is a metal that doesn't hold its shape very easily and good diamonds come in one color: colorless. The desirable part comes from the fact that they're rare. Rare things are fashionable.
There's been ways to produce artificial diamonds for some time now. Some of them actually have some really awesome properties when it comes to ultraviolet light. They actually glow and it's downright beautiful. A "genuine" diamond doesn't, since the ones actually created in the earth have to work out impurities the hard way and aren't as pure as at least one of the artificial processes.
Yet the popularity of natural diamonds continues. Frankly some of the other precious gemstones look nicer for many pieces, it's the rarity and implication of wealth that causes people to care about diamonds.
Yes.
Neither diamonds or gold are really that desirable for jewelry. Gold is a metal that doesn't hold its shape very easily and good diamonds come in one color: colorless. The desirable part comes from the fact that they're rare. Rare things are fashionable.
There's been ways to produce artificial diamonds for some time now. Some of them actually have some really awesome properties when it comes to ultraviolet light. They actually glow and it's downright beautiful. A "genuine" diamond doesn't, since the ones actually created in the earth have to work out impurities the hard way and aren't as pure as at least one of the artificial processes.
Yet the popularity of natural diamonds continues. Frankly some of the other precious gemstones look nicer for many pieces, it's the rarity and implication of wealth that causes people to care about diamonds.