Withholding isn't relevant here. Non refundable means it can't cause the government to net pay you money: that is to say, it can't make your refund larger than your withholding.
Sure it is! If we were trying to compress an archive of orbital data, one way to do it would be "initial positions + periodic error correction". If you have the new planet, your errors will be smaller and can be represented in less space at the same precision.
Re: auto generated code: it saves ci time which is a pretty huge benefit. You still need to regenerate the code to make sure it's up to date, but you can do that in parallel with tests that rely on that code.
High school is a bit under a third of school years in the US, so that's a high school of about 3000 (which is how big my high school was, for example).
You need a heat difference, not just heat, to generate electricity.
Now my sibling comment links to a paper where they say they can find heat differences in the body that are sufficient for their needs, so this is still a possibility! But it does mean you need to be somewhere with a heat gradient: the paper mentions just under the skin.
I think odds ratio ( p/(1-p) ) is the thing I'd use here. It gives the right limiting behavior (at p ~= 0, doubling p is twice as good, and at p~=1, halving 1-p is twice as good) and it's the natural way to express Bayes rule, meaning you can say "I'm twice as sure (in odds ratio terms) based on this evidence" and have that be solely a property of the update, not the prior.
I came to rust from the other direction, as it were: from Haskell.
There are a lot of similarities! The type systems are similar, with some name changes (sum types -> enums, typeclasses -> traits). Pattern matching is basically the same. Haskell uses (lazy) lists mostly the same way rust uses iterators. Ownership is new, but imposes some of the same requirements that immutability does (no cycles without shenanigans[0]). Rust requires that values are aliasable XOR mutable: Haskell does too (they're always aliasable and never mutable).
Other features include the prominent arcs in this field. The powerful gravitational field of a galaxy cluster can bend the light rays from more distant galaxies behind it, just as a magnifying glass bends and warps images. Stars are also captured with prominent diffraction spikes, as they appear brighter at shorter wavelengths.
I realize this is a joke, but it isn't! Play a video of a ball flying up and then back down again and it'll be the same forward or backwards (up to air friction anyway).