Linear algebra can be useful depending on what you plan to work with (SUPER useful for graphics, not so useful for building a simple online game)
Probability and Statistics. A MUST if you want to look into AI or machine learning.
Discrete math was cool, but I have found it largely not useful in my career thus far. But I think a large part of that is me being a programmer as opposed to a computer scientist, and also not someone who works with circuits. Neat class though.
It really depends on what you mean by algorithms/data structures. If you mean knowing how to implement "these specific algorithms" in "this much time", probably not. Will you need to know the exact time complexity of methods for every data structure? I would hope not.
However, is it useful to know that such and such data structure is more efficient than that other structure over there for what I want to do with it? Yes. Is it important to be able to think in terms of other algorithms you've learned that might make what you're working on easier and more efficient? Absolutely.
I have never once implemented any of the algorithms or data structures that we learned about in my intro to algorithms/data structures class, other than for the class itself. But learning how those algorithms and data structures work, even if I can't remember the specifics of all of them at the top of my head, has has helped me to be a much more efficient programmer because they gave me the tools to think as such.
So, do you need to know specifics about exactly how every algorithm or data structure works, probably not unless that specifically is your job. But is it useful to have a basic understanding? Absolutely.
Probability and Statistics. A MUST if you want to look into AI or machine learning.
Discrete math was cool, but I have found it largely not useful in my career thus far. But I think a large part of that is me being a programmer as opposed to a computer scientist, and also not someone who works with circuits. Neat class though.
That's all I can personally speak to.