I love this video about 'ed', the standard Unix text editor. I'll admit that in nearly 30 years of using Unix, my occasional interactions with ed have involved opening it accidentally and immediately exiting with ctrl-c. Having used vi and vim for most of that time, it's interesting to see how much of vim's interface draws from ed.
I don't know where you're based, but for me (NZ), I get redirected to gizmodo.com.au. I see $12k as well, but I'm guessing that's in AUD? Looking at BTC price graphs it seems the most recent peak was at about $9500USD
I don't have my Mac in front of me, but you can do this using Seil[1] and Karabiner[2]. From recollection, you disable caps-link in OS X settings, use Seil to map caps-lock to control, and then use Karabiner to map tapped-ctrl to escape. Sounds a bit hackish, but it works very well.
You can also do the same thing on Linux using xcape[3]
Another factor is that some browsers will automatically retrieve intermediate certificates that aren't supplied by the server. I'm not sure if it's still the case, but it used to be that Firefox would fail on HTTPS connections with a broken chain where IE would succeed.
2. I think this is for the situation where the glob doesn't match, and the nullglob shell option is not set. Without that option, a non-matching glob is processed as a regular word. e.g. In an empty directory:
$ for file in ./*; do echo $file; done
./*
Note the glob pattern is printed by the echo statement. The -e test catches this condition.
Is there any good reason to use this approach over the more readable 'dirname $0'? Not that it would have made any difference to the bug in question of course.
It's required to prevent the shell from interpreting and expanding special characters. e.g. in the example you provide, without quotes * will be expanded to a list of files in the current directory.
I'm curious about that decision given that optparse is deprecated. It says it's because argparse doesn't allow nested commands, but I don't really see why that feature is so desirable as to warrant using a deprecated module. I probably need to have a play with it to find out.