The iPhone is really big in Japan (it's one of the few countries where it has a higher market share than in the US) which probably makes it more worthwhile for Apple
I did something similar where I left an old Android phone at home and logged in to what I think used to be messages.android.com (now google.com) from a laptop praying the session wouldn't get lost before I got back from my trip. :)
Lately though, SMS works over WiFi calling and usually if I need a real SMS where Google Voice won't cut it, it can wait for WiFi...
That's not the case for JPL missions (the paper originally is from JPL) which generally have 2 separate independent computers where 1 is active at a time.
Since they're independent, the 2 computers don't actually have to run the same software, I believe during Mars entry descent and landing the standby compute element runs a different less sophisticated but easier to validate version of the EDL code to take over if any fault is detected while the primary software is running. (I was going to do a quick check on dataverse.jpl.nasa.gov to confirm that but it seems to be down)
Also I think a few years ago on the Mars Curiosity rover (2012) there was some corruption in the flash storage on one of the computers that prevents the full flight software from being loaded on to it, so instead it runs a stripped-down version of the code with very limited functionality to function as a lifeboat in case the fully-working computer ever fails. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9843266
If you're insured, more likely than not you don't have a copay for general vaccines like flu shots; they're considered preventative care and most health care plans are required to cover them for free.
This post doesn't seem to mention the key and signature sizes, so from the paper abstract: "Targeting the post-quantum NIST-1 level of security, our implementation results in signatures of 204 bytes, secret keys of 16 bytes and public keys of 64 bytes."
Flagship multi-year science missions are generally conservative with technology choices, but some NASA projects are intended as technology demonstrations and can on take more risks.
So like the Perseverance rover on its way to Mars is powered by redundant RAD 750s (same as Curiosity), but the Ingenuity helicopter along for the ride is powered by a Snapdragon 801.
I think you're referring to PAKE (password-authenticated key exchange). SRP (secure remote protocol) might be the Stanford proposal you're referring to, although it's actually fairly commonly implemented as far as PAKEs go (Apple for instance uses it for their iCloud Keychain).
Unfortunately (or fortunately depending on who you ask) NASA is very restricted in what it can do with China, so probably not. But NASA does utilize ESA's Trace Gas Orbiter in addition to their own Mars orbiters for relay operations.
The Perseverance mass is just for the rover, but there's a few other components that get it to Mars and on to the surface (the cruise stage, sky crane, etc).
I can't seem to find the Mars 2020 numbers but for MSL (which should be similar) the overall launch mass was 3839 kg of which 899kg was the Curiosity rover itself.
I believe the Chinese mission actually does have more mass overall - although the rover is a lot smaller, they're also sending a large orbiter and a landing platform to deliver the rover to the surface.
I flew a United 787-9 recently and noticed an IR LED too, but I assumed it was a proximity sensor (when you bring your hands close to the bottom of the screen the home button, headphone jack, and USB charging port light up).