Some flat washers are flatter than others (amateur metrology)
youtube.com2 pointsby briandon2 comments
Jerath said the differences aren’t about technical skill,
but about listening to patients and choosing appropriate
care. Previous studies point to differences in the way
that female physicians communicate and engage with
patients.
[...] Overall, patients experienced complications 9% of the time
when treated by female surgeons and 10.2% of the time when
treated by male surgeons.
If "listening to patients and choosing appropriate care" sometimes translates into simpler/less-ambitious surgeries, that could lead to this small difference in complications and possibly worse long-term outcomes vis-à-vis the actual conditions that prompted surgeries included in this, the first mentioned, study. Another study published in JAMA Surgery on Wednesday
looked at more than 100,000 patients in Sweden who’d had
surgery to remove their gallbladders. Female surgeons had
longer operation times, but their patients had shorter
hospital stays and less invasive surgeries.
Male surgeons spent a mean of eight minutes less per
operation compared with women, even after matching similar
patients, surgeries and hospitals. Complications including
bleeding, perforations of the intestine or bowel, bile
duct lesions, leakage and abscesses occurred nearly 30%
more often for male surgeons.
What if more challenging gallbladder surgeries or gallbladder removals for people with more comorbidities were more likely to be undertaken by male surgeons or those patients were more likely to be referred to 'senior' surgeons who may be disproportionately male? Or... 100k gallbladder removals in a small country like Sweden is a lot of gallbladder removals. What if, over the years during which the surgeries look at by this 2nd study, two things happened: the share of female surgeons increased and there were also advances in technique that significantly reduced complications for gallbladder removal surgeries in Sweden? Historically, vultures were widespread in India. But
between the 1990s and early 2000s their numbers plummeted
by more than 90%, from around 40m. The cause was
diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug that farmers began
using to treat their cattle. Though the drug was harmless
to both cows and humans, birds that consumed animals
treated with diclofenac suffered from kidney failure and
died within weeks.
According to the article, farmers were treating their cows with an anti-inflammatory drug and vultures then consumed the flesh of medicated cows and died and this was occurring on a large-enough scale to slash the populations of multiple vulture species.
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