The internet is a terrible distraction; you shouldn't be browsing on the company time. Looking up documentation is fine; the occasional news article on your lunch break is fine.
Whilst at work you should be 100% focused on the task at hand. On the flip side it’s important to realise you are working as a professional developer not a grunt on a factory assembly line, if you require time to rethink things instead of sidetracking with internet browsing, get thinking: draw diagrams, use a whiteboard, write notes, print out code. You know your boss is visual so use visual things.
Additionally it's quite clear you are frustrated with management, this generally happens when an inadequate communication system is in place.
Make it an issue to outline responsibilities and tasks to your line manager. Just write everything down that you do and email at the end of the work day. That way he can quantify your usefulness with his manager. It's a rule of work: make your managers life easier not harder. If an issue of work load arises again you have documented evidence to refer to.
Having a slanging match with a manager sounds awful, unprofessional and frankly doesn't say much for your or his attitude. Coming in late might be overlooked but you are essentially stealing from the company. 20x7x52/60/24 = 5. That's a work week you're taking off, I might overlook it but I wouldn't forget it.
The emergent behaviours were rather interesting, anyone with a .pl tld in their email was several penalised.
The rejection rates for .pl applicants was 100% so the system worked albeit somewhat racistly.