The Weird and Wonderful Characters of Clojure(yobriefca.se)
yobriefca.se
The Weird and Wonderful Characters of Clojure
http://yobriefca.se/blog/2014/05/19/the-weird-and-wonderful-characters-of-clojure/
22 comments
And here's how to use Common Lisp reader macros to implement JSON literals: https://gist.github.com/chaitanyagupta/9324402
I've been using Clojure for awhile now and it has never previously occurred to me that you could do:
#(foo %2)
(fn [_ arg2] (foo arg2))
Neither did I until I started writing about #( and decided to see what would happen. The joys of being nosey.
Nosey? Or maybe "curious"? Explorer? Pioneer?
Either way, thanks for writing about it.
Obviously, bear in mind that (comp foo second) may be preferable.
Slightly different use-case, as:
(comp foo second)
(fn [[_ x]] (foo x))
(fn [_ x] (foo x))+1.
How about:
How about:
(comp foo second list)I don't understand the difference between fn and fn* . After some brief experimenting in the REPL, they seem to behave exactly the same, the only difference being that fn* is what comes out of macro expanding the #( macro
Is there a reason that the #( macro doesn't expand to plain old fn?
Is there a reason that the #( macro doesn't expand to plain old fn?
fn is a macro that knows how to apply destructuring rules, fn* is a primitive read by the clojure compiler and cannot apply destructuring rules.
https://github.com/clojure/clojure/blob/master/src/clj/cloju...
https://github.com/clojure/clojure/blob/master/src/clj/cloju...
fn itself is a macro, fn* is a symbol defined at the compiler level:
static final Symbol FN = Symbol.intern("fn*");The characters are hard to google, but I've found them sufficiently documented here: http://clojure.org/reader
It seems disingenuous to describe ";" as a "comment macro". It's not a macro, it just causes the reader to ignore characters until EOF, \r, or \n. (https://github.com/clojure/clojure/blob/master/src/jvm/cloju...)
The fact that the CommentReader is dispatched from a table called "macros" (https://github.com/clojure/clojure/blob/master/src/jvm/cloju...) means nothing, unless you also call string literals "string macros", s-expressions "s-exp macros", etc., since mostly everything is dispatched from that table.
The fact that the CommentReader is dispatched from a table called "macros" (https://github.com/clojure/clojure/blob/master/src/jvm/cloju...) means nothing, unless you also call string literals "string macros", s-expressions "s-exp macros", etc., since mostly everything is dispatched from that table.
Fun article. Should also add in #anything, and discover the weird and wonderful world of the extensible reader.
If you can link me to some examples of this I'll be happy to add them.
(edit) I have a comment around the fact user defined reader macros are not supported in Clojure (save for a hack). Is this not the case anymore?
(edit) I have a comment around the fact user defined reader macros are not supported in Clojure (save for a hack). Is this not the case anymore?
I think this is referring to the ability to the tagged literals api (set data-readers[1] and change/extend the various literal notations already provided by clojure (like #uuid and #inst)). The docs seem to believe that unqualified var names are reserved and you should fully-qualify your tags, but this seems to be more of a suggestion than a requirement.
[1][2]
[1][2]
*data-readers*
A big Thanx for this!
Does the author mean "character" in a literary sense? Because many of these things have better names, and in fact "character" is wholly incorrect for anything like "#_" or "#'" which consist of multiple characters.
Also, functions are not methods, and the terms are not interchangeable.
All of this is summarized in a much more succinct and correct fashion here: http://clojure.org/reader
Also, functions are not methods, and the terms are not interchangeable.
All of this is summarized in a much more succinct and correct fashion here: http://clojure.org/reader
> and in fact "character" is wholly incorrect for anything like "#_" or "#'" which consist of multiple characters.
#_ is a character for the dispatch invocation, and a dispatch character. The way it's used in TFA is perfectly understandable.
> All of this is summarized in a much more succinct and correct fashion here: http://clojure.org/reader
Which uses the word "character" to describe them. And gives no examples, so it may be more succinct but is also of very limited use to people who have no idea what this is about. Those who know what it's about are not going to google for macro characters.
#_ is a character for the dispatch invocation, and a dispatch character. The way it's used in TFA is perfectly understandable.
> All of this is summarized in a much more succinct and correct fashion here: http://clojure.org/reader
Which uses the word "character" to describe them. And gives no examples, so it may be more succinct but is also of very limited use to people who have no idea what this is about. Those who know what it's about are not going to google for macro characters.
The word "character" is used to describe them because they are certainly made of characters. The most generic term for everything but the macro characters themselves is "form". The dispatch macro is a special case that is not a form, but represents reader macros that are applied to forms as they are read. Same goes for quoting. But all of the specific cases of #_ or #{ or #" etc. are more than just characters.
And the docs do in fact give plenty of examples. I'm not sure how you can say "no examples" when there are examples for most of the things described on the page.
It may be dense, but the writing is clear and you can just read it start to finish.
EDIT: I see what you mean about "macro characters".
Just to be as clear as possible:
# - a macro character which dispatches on the next character
#{:foo :bar} - a hash-set literal form
#(...) - an anonymous function literal form
' - the quote character
'foo - a quoted symbol form
-> - the threading macro (just a normal symbol)
(-> x inc str) - a form using the threading macro
And the docs do in fact give plenty of examples. I'm not sure how you can say "no examples" when there are examples for most of the things described on the page.
It may be dense, but the writing is clear and you can just read it start to finish.
EDIT: I see what you mean about "macro characters".
Just to be as clear as possible:
# - a macro character which dispatches on the next character
#{:foo :bar} - a hash-set literal form
#(...) - an anonymous function literal form
' - the quote character
'foo - a quoted symbol form
-> - the threading macro (just a normal symbol)
(-> x inc str) - a form using the threading macro
> The word "character" is used to describe them because they are certainly made of characters.
In OP, the word "character" is used because they're characters and they're hard to search for when you don't know clojure and you're trying to understand what the hell this crazy crap is. So the goal is to match "clojure $something character", something along those lines.
> The dispatch macro is a special case that is not a form, but represents reader macros that are applied to forms as they are read.
Yes, but that's missing the purpose of OP. If you don't know that ' is `quote`, what do you do?
> And the docs do in fact give plenty of examples. I'm not sure how you can say "no examples" when there are examples for most of the things described on the page.
No, the docs give no example aside from metadata (and even then it's not great) and syntax-quote. For other macro characters it gives the expansion, no example and little to nothing in the way of explanation.
> Just to be as clear as possible:
Yes, the point being that those things are hard to search for
> #(...) - an anonymous function literal form
That's not a function literal form, `fn` is the function form (and `fn` a layer over it which handles binding forms), `#()` is a reader macro over that*.
In OP, the word "character" is used because they're characters and they're hard to search for when you don't know clojure and you're trying to understand what the hell this crazy crap is. So the goal is to match "clojure $something character", something along those lines.
> The dispatch macro is a special case that is not a form, but represents reader macros that are applied to forms as they are read.
Yes, but that's missing the purpose of OP. If you don't know that ' is `quote`, what do you do?
> And the docs do in fact give plenty of examples. I'm not sure how you can say "no examples" when there are examples for most of the things described on the page.
No, the docs give no example aside from metadata (and even then it's not great) and syntax-quote. For other macro characters it gives the expansion, no example and little to nothing in the way of explanation.
> Just to be as clear as possible:
Yes, the point being that those things are hard to search for
> #(...) - an anonymous function literal form
That's not a function literal form, `fn` is the function form (and `fn` a layer over it which handles binding forms), `#()` is a reader macro over that*.
Maybe I'm spoiled because when I started out with Clojure I just went to clojure.org and read it.
The only things on the OP's page without an explicit example on clojure.org/reader are: "#_", "%" for args, ";" for comments, and "$" as part of a class name.
The only things on the OP's page without an explicit example on clojure.org/reader are: "#_", "%" for args, ";" for comments, and "$" as part of a class name.
I think "token" would be more technically accurate.