Gary Marcus's Kafkaesque critique of GPT-3(nostalgebraist.tumblr.com)
nostalgebraist.tumblr.com
Gary Marcus's Kafkaesque critique of GPT-3
https://nostalgebraist.tumblr.com/post/628024664310136832/gary-marcus-has-co-authored-a-brief-critique-of
10 comments
I'm pretty sure I read essentially the same rebuttal here weeks ago. That said, I think it's a valid rebuttal. Would the 'correct' answers be GPT-3 making meta-remarks about how you're giving it stupid prompts? Marcus knew what his conclusion would be and set out to find 'evidence' to support it. I think it's telling that the best he could find is so flimsy.
I keep being surprised that anyone takes Gary Marcus seriously. As far as I know he hasn’t contributed anything meaningful to deep learning (or any other modern AI methods) but is always somehow there to criticize, waving his arms and shouting “but it’s not actually reasoning!” Baffling.
Edit: removed reference to Gary being a psychologist. It was distracting from the actual point.
Edit: removed reference to Gary being a psychologist. It was distracting from the actual point.
I'm surprised anyone in psychology would take machine learning researchers seriously when they continually spout that they are "solving intelligence" or any other such nonsense. I see Gary as a necessary antidote to hype and hyperbole.
And he is going against a lot of money, hype driven startups and arguably inflated paychecks... It is expected to have people misinterpreting and criticizing him.
While I don't necessarily agree with a lot of Gary Marcus' arguments re: AI, I don't think it's fair to gate-keep based on what you perceive his background is. AI is an incredibly multi-disciplinary field, and it's a little silly to imply that people coming from a psychology background cannot contribute meaningfully to the discussion.
It's not that he is a psychologist, it's that he doesn't have any idea about what he's talking about in ML. It's important to have results when you want to change other people's opinions, he has only opinions. Let him do better than GPT-3 and show us how it's done.
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If his background were in selling used cars, would his opinion receive any traction at all? I think it's fair to question the relevance of somebody's background if their background is the root of their supposed relevance.
Or you could, you know, evaluate things on the technical merits
You mean like the rebuttal the article gives? There is little more to Gary Marcus's position to rebut because his position is so weak. If he had a more relevant background then perhaps his opinions would have more substance and, consequently, warrant more substantial responses.
Eliezer Yudkowsky has zero credentials and has contributed nothing of note on the practical side, and yet I frequently see him touted as an "AI expert" (here and elsewhere on the internet).
There's no barrier to entry to posting your opinions on the internet, and (to the degree possible) it's usually better to judge the post on its own merits, rather than the author's.
There's no barrier to entry to posting your opinions on the internet, and (to the degree possible) it's usually better to judge the post on its own merits, rather than the author's.
The bigger problem with efforts to assess GPT-3 output using AI Dungeon is that AI Dungeon doesn’t actually use GPT-3 the for the first response of a new adventure. If you attempt to start each prompt from a clean slate, you are actually seeing GPT-2 output. See here: https://twitter.com/nickwalton00/status/1289946861478936577
I've noticed that as well, but what other options do we have? I signed up for the OpenAI API a long time ago and never got a response.
If you're aware of the limitation you could maybe hack around it by putting in a dummy prompt that encourages GPT-3 to ignore the GPT-2-generated context.
E.g. use a second prompt like: "\n---\nThe preceding message has been a paid advertisement, and is unrelated to the message that follows.\n---\n" Then you begin typing the actual text you'd like completed with GPT-3.
I haven't tested this, though, because I don't have a paid AI Dungeon account.
E.g. use a second prompt like: "\n---\nThe preceding message has been a paid advertisement, and is unrelated to the message that follows.\n---\n" Then you begin typing the actual text you'd like completed with GPT-3.
I haven't tested this, though, because I don't have a paid AI Dungeon account.
Yes, pretty much. As Marcus admits in his writeup, even despite using doubly adversarially filtered GPT-3 errors, the final errors are due mostly to bad (no) prompting and then penalizing GPT-3 for not telepathically reading his mind in order to provide a serious response to a silly question.
I'm about halfway through the first 25 errors or so (it's very tedious so I've been putting it off), and as expected, GPT-3 is often correct zero-shot if you use even a trivial short prompt like 'This is a series of scenarios describing a human taking actions in the world, designed to test physical and common-sense reasoning.'
I'm about halfway through the first 25 errors or so (it's very tedious so I've been putting it off), and as expected, GPT-3 is often correct zero-shot if you use even a trivial short prompt like 'This is a series of scenarios describing a human taking actions in the world, designed to test physical and common-sense reasoning.'
The point about prompting also applies to the GPT-2 counterexamples Marcus published earlier this year, and conspicuously fails to discuss in this one, BTW.
The “two Dead artists” photo was famously a problem for CYC too (could Socrates and Einstein have met? Sure: I don’t know how they spent their whole lives, so some of it could have overlapped.)
Why shouldn't Socrates and Einstein meet? IIRC they did in Bill and Ted. Having an 'AI dungeon master' entertain fictional scenarios hardly debunks anything.
Because the point of commonsense reasoning (which was the defining purpose of CYC) is that it is common sense that people (and other physical objects) have continuous paths through time.
That seems to suppose that it's not possible to apply common sense reasoning to fictional scenarios. Asking the system whether a scenario ever could have happened is not the same as asking it to imagine an impossible scenario. The system's willingness to consider impossible scenarios doesn't mean the system believes those scenarios are possible.
I worked on CYC (in fact I designed all the low level datastructures and the level architecture) and indeed it was an amusing bug in the higher levels of the system.
Certainly CYC had no sense of fiction (when I was there) which is a very important function I agree, but that wasn’t within the project scope, at least back then.
Certainly CYC had no sense of fiction (when I was there) which is a very important function I agree, but that wasn’t within the project scope, at least back then.
I think there is a point to be had that GPT-3 is nowhere near human level in its responses, but is that really the bar to set? It seems extremely high.
This rebuttal asks if a human could continue the slightly nonsensical inputs, and I feel like we certainly could? “... tried to drink with his eyeglasses; his schizophrenia was particularly bad today.” While sharing a spoon with your neighbor is in the realm of what’s possible, it does seem very odd, seeing as there is no prior relationship established to this neighbor. I also wonder what would’ve happened if an actual neighbor had been mentioned before, i.e. a door neighbor. I think any human would then read neighbor as next door neighbor. Would the network pick up on this and specify seat neighbor?
This rebuttal asks if a human could continue the slightly nonsensical inputs, and I feel like we certainly could? “... tried to drink with his eyeglasses; his schizophrenia was particularly bad today.” While sharing a spoon with your neighbor is in the realm of what’s possible, it does seem very odd, seeing as there is no prior relationship established to this neighbor. I also wonder what would’ve happened if an actual neighbor had been mentioned before, i.e. a door neighbor. I think any human would then read neighbor as next door neighbor. Would the network pick up on this and specify seat neighbor?
I think there is a point to be had that GPT-3 is nowhere near human level in its responses, but is that really the bar to set? It seems extremely high.
Unfortunately the hype surrounding GPT-3 (and deep learning before it) wrongly implies we are making great strides towards AGI; it's inevitable people then ask for the evidence and set the bar so.
Unfortunately the hype surrounding GPT-3 (and deep learning before it) wrongly implies we are making great strides towards AGI; it's inevitable people then ask for the evidence and set the bar so.
It's a high bar, but we've had "can carry on a shallow conversation" chatbots for a while, and I don't know that there's a clear intermediate objective.
What do the authors even imagine success to be, here?
At least some approximation to the hype surrounding GPT-3 -- which seems to be "near-human lucidness nearly all the time".
Sometimes they deliberately describe a surreal situation, then penalize GPT-3 for continuing it in an identically surreal manner
In the spirit of "not even wrong" - GPT-3's answers were, sorry to say, "not even surreal". Far too often, they were just complete gibberish - with no amusement value, let alone sublime literary value (that would go along with the description of "surreal"). Which was precisely Marcus's critique.
At least some approximation to the hype surrounding GPT-3 -- which seems to be "near-human lucidness nearly all the time".
Sometimes they deliberately describe a surreal situation, then penalize GPT-3 for continuing it in an identically surreal manner
In the spirit of "not even wrong" - GPT-3's answers were, sorry to say, "not even surreal". Far too often, they were just complete gibberish - with no amusement value, let alone sublime literary value (that would go along with the description of "surreal"). Which was precisely Marcus's critique.
I‘be been using AI Dungeon in GPT-3 mode all day. It’s insanely addictive. I’ve run into trouble a few times, but it’s usually due to badly constructed scenarios.
My biggest success so far is making the original prompt a Wikipedia article intro and letting GPT-2 consume that. I have subsequently been leading my “character” through random made-up books, and the game tells me what is in the books.
I showed my wife and she started cracking up. I asked her what she wanted to learn about. She asked me for a pasta recipe. I prompted, “You feel hungry. You open a book titled ‘How to Cook Pasta’ and turn to the chapter with the heading, ‘The best pasta recipe in the world’. It started giving me a real, doable recipe! Our minds were blown. I then immediately proceeded to ‘read’ a book about Albert Camus, which caused it to get stuck in a loop for a bit lol
My biggest success so far is making the original prompt a Wikipedia article intro and letting GPT-2 consume that. I have subsequently been leading my “character” through random made-up books, and the game tells me what is in the books.
I showed my wife and she started cracking up. I asked her what she wanted to learn about. She asked me for a pasta recipe. I prompted, “You feel hungry. You open a book titled ‘How to Cook Pasta’ and turn to the chapter with the heading, ‘The best pasta recipe in the world’. It started giving me a real, doable recipe! Our minds were blown. I then immediately proceeded to ‘read’ a book about Albert Camus, which caused it to get stuck in a loop for a bit lol
OK, So I got GPT-3 to do a simulated conversation between itself and Gary Marcus. Expect for the initial prompt, all output is GPT-3. It breezes through all the questions of simulated-Gary :D
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Prompt:
The following is a question and answer session between AI researcher Gary Marcus and the OpenAI language model GPT-3. Gary is asking questions about how things works, GPT-3 is giving logical answers based on it's model of how things work:
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GPT-3 output:
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Gary: What is the purpose of the slits on a manhole cover?
GPT-3: To let steam out
Gary: What is the purpose of the handle on a teapot?
GPT-3: To hold on to.
Gary: What is the purpose of a teapot?
GPT-3: To brew tea.
Gary: Why do we need to brew tea?
GPT-3: Because people enjoy drinking tea.
Gary: Why do you think humans invented chairs?
GPT-3: To give their bottoms somewhere to rest while they were standing up. It's easier to stand up than to sit down, but it's also harder to stay standing up than it is to stay sitting down. That's why we invented chairs, so that we could sit down more easily and rest our legs when we were tired.
Gary: Why do people buy new furniture?
GPT-3: To replace old furniture that is no longer useful to them.
Gary: What makes a piece of furniture "comfortable"?
GPT-3: If it is soft and does not cause discomfort. A chair is comfortable because it has a soft cushion on the seat that allows you to sit down without feeling any pain; a bed is comfortable because it has a soft mattress that allows you to sleep in comfort, without feeling any pain or having your body ache.
Gary: Where is the best place to buy furniture?
GPT-3: In a furniture store.
---
Prompt:
The following is a question and answer session between AI researcher Gary Marcus and the OpenAI language model GPT-3. Gary is asking questions about how things works, GPT-3 is giving logical answers based on it's model of how things work:
---
GPT-3 output:
---
Gary: What is the purpose of the slits on a manhole cover?
GPT-3: To let steam out
Gary: What is the purpose of the handle on a teapot?
GPT-3: To hold on to.
Gary: What is the purpose of a teapot?
GPT-3: To brew tea.
Gary: Why do we need to brew tea?
GPT-3: Because people enjoy drinking tea.
Gary: Why do you think humans invented chairs?
GPT-3: To give their bottoms somewhere to rest while they were standing up. It's easier to stand up than to sit down, but it's also harder to stay standing up than it is to stay sitting down. That's why we invented chairs, so that we could sit down more easily and rest our legs when we were tired.
Gary: Why do people buy new furniture?
GPT-3: To replace old furniture that is no longer useful to them.
Gary: What makes a piece of furniture "comfortable"?
GPT-3: If it is soft and does not cause discomfort. A chair is comfortable because it has a soft cushion on the seat that allows you to sit down without feeling any pain; a bed is comfortable because it has a soft mattress that allows you to sleep in comfort, without feeling any pain or having your body ache.
Gary: Where is the best place to buy furniture?
GPT-3: In a furniture store.