There was Quelle, Europe's largest mail-order and retail company. They were excited about mailing their catalogue on CD-ROM, but slept on the Internet. In 2009, they went bankrupt.
Note that N=1 for the memory safety vulnerabilities they had with Rust, so the error of the estimated average number of vulnerabilities per LOC is quite large.
That's a good question! Especially after Frank McSherry's COST paper [1], it's hard to imagine where the sweet spot for Spark is. I guess for Databricks it makes sense to push Spark, since they are the ones who created it. In a way, it's their competitive advantage.
I know some people who do trunk-based development with pair programming: You write the code together, and once you are satisfied, you merge it to the main branch, from where it is deployed to production if the tests pass. It works well for them.
It would require a lot more memory, because you have to remember every generated UUID. And how would you do the partial match? You are not going to observe any collisions.
You can also look at the expected number of collisions instead, which is approximately the number of random numbers squared, divided by the size of the space of random numbers.
Then you can choose how many collisions to accept on average. (If the answer is zero, then it makes more sense to look at the probability of one or more collisions.)
I know some conservative newspapers (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung) kept using the old orthography for a while, but even they started using the new one in 2007, ten years after the reforms.
That's not how errors add up, it's nonlinear. You have to take the sum of squares. So in your case, it wouldn't be 10 * 0.01 = 0.1, but sqrt(10 * 0.01^2) = 0.032, which is less than one third of a tenth.
I think the argument was about automated killing, not automated weapons.
There are already drones from Germany capable of automatic target acquisition, but they still require a human in the loop to pull the trigger. Not because they technically couldn't, but because they are required to.