the imports were caused by not by need, but because the prices were lower or even negative from especially france. France couldn't react in time for the lower need than projected.
Spain runs on multiple gauges, with newers on normal gauge and not broad gauge. Spain has around 12.000km of network and Germany over 30.000 kilomtres of network.
Spain had 2019 a bit over 30k Passenger kilometre while the Deutsch Bahn had nearly 98000 Passenger kilometre. I had to use 2019 because its the latest information that was in wikipedia for renfe.
When an column is encrypted you can't index the cleartext since it undermine the encryption and if you encrypt it in the application then postgres never had the cleartext. Pgcrypto encrypts at an higher level than the indexer operates, so it sees only the encrypted data.
Partly.
Germany runs an mixed type railway with freight and passengers on the same tracks. In the 80-90s there was an horrific privatization that destroyed a major parts of the rail network. Personel was also gutted and investing came to an all time low. This means that trains can't be rerouted anymore and one sickwave can block the whole network.
Some parts are also at 100% Capacity and in decades nothing was done from the conservatives who were in power the whole time.
For example Frankfurt: its an terminal station that is central to the whole network and and it is centrally located in Frankurt, but it can't be extended much. One major extension is the extension of the railway to Friedberg from 2 to 4 Lines which will reduce the pressure on that part of the network a lot, but was delayed a lot because trains had an low priority compared to highways in Bavaria.
what you probably mean is an OHG, an Offene Handelsgesellschaft
It is one of the simplest form a group of people can found. All members are liable with their personal assets if the OHG files for bankruptcy or is unable to meet its obligations.
For information: GmbH & Co. KG is one of the most complicated forms an company can be founded, the same goes if the inner company is an UG.
Many things have to be done twice.
The only good thing is that an investor or an owner are not liable with their private money.
The sockets are split between Type E(two holes for power and one pin in the socket for earth) and Type F(Schuko, two holes for power and two protective contacts ), but the cables have been standartising themself to CEE 7/7, an mix between the two.