> I wonder if the original German is equally ambiguous...
The translation is good and authentic. Those who can read Low German[1] can compare the slightly different versions here[2]. In their comments[3 (German)], the brothers Grimm state that the storyline of a woman who pushes her husband for too much is ages old and known in many cultures. They have picked the richest German version.
If a Straussian reading is needed, then it should be considered that a Low German story from a coastal - hence Protestant - region rates the pope higher than the king.
[1] Low German was a way of getting crap[4] past the radar for the Grimms. Compared to the Juniper Tree[5] (Van den Machandelboom - Low German, again), this fairy tale is harmless.
[4] What he translates as "filthy shack" is literally a "pissing pot", i.e. a chamber pot. He seems to have a hard time telling it as it is. Maybe, the Straussian reading makes sense.
> It showed an area totaling just 20 square kilometers, a tiny place. The map was divided into 400 individual grid squares, outlined in light blue — a single square kilometer each.
He means 20 kms squared, as opposed to 20 square kilometers. The map should be 80cm x 80cm then.
Flavius Josephus writes in the History of the Jewish War against the Romans - an important source for the Roman army - that the first cohort of every legion was twice the size of other cohorts, because it included the veterans, i.e. those who had served 16 years at least.
The following calculation is either simplistic or robust, depending on your view. And I am aware that there are simplifying assumptions, like the one that the rate of attrition did not depend on the service age of the soldier. There are reasons for that even. Younger soldiers might have fallen prey to infections because they encountered them the first time. Older soldiers were possibly tougher in that respect. Young soldiers took two years to learn to fight like a legionary. Old soldiers may have balanced their ageing bodies (a decade or more of gruelling service) with their experience. And yes, not all veterans would be incorporated into the first cohort, because they had higher echelon jobs in their respective cohort. But then, the good ones (long lasting ones?) would have been members of the first cohort in the first place because it was supposed to be elite. So bear with me.
Josephus gives us that a Roman legion could be divided in eleven roughly even sized parts, with the veterans forming one of these eleven parts. Assuming a constant rate of attrition (see above), this means that about 8% of a legion were lost each year for a variety of reasons other than retirement, 92% made it. If we assume twenty years of service, 0.92^20 gives ~ 0.188, so roughly one fifth of the legionaries made it to retirement.
If the same attrition rate applied to auxiliaries - twenty five years of service -, then about one in eight auxiliaries made it. And finally, the Pretorian guard, where the assumption of the same rate may be a stretch: sixteen years of service mean that one in four enjoyed the fruits of his post-military life.
Let us assume there were no reasonable explanation for the origin of life. Yet, "there is no reasonable explanation of life, hence god exists" would still be a non sequitur. You have to brush up your Logic, and it is not meant as a 'take that'.
If you want to do yourself a favor, try your skills on "there is no reasonable explanation of life, hence Zeus exists". Or Allah, if it helps.
Worse yet, you are peddling the god of the gaps: the god that is supposed to explain things where science cannot. This is exactly the god that is fleeing from science ever since science reared its head. And it is the view of god which the original article tries to refute. As your existence shows, it cannot be entirely right.
> Personally I find it very sad that the agnostic approach of Pascal did not prevail. Let the programmer decide what they think fits the situation best and let the compiler deal with the technicalities. This, and I also miss range types... for like 40 years now...
I am with you there. However, Pascal, a toy Algol, was designed to be a language for a compiler course. It took its ideas like "where does an array start" from other Algol implementations and added a broken type system. Pascal gets the love now, as witnessed by the Lua designers referring to Pascal and not to Algol.
> 1-based indexing causes you to have to throw in a bunch of +/-1 compensation factors to prevent you from double-counting or scaling past an edge.
Way back then, I started with Algol 68, moved on to Turbo Pascal, and finally Fortran (I was young and needed the money). My vectors and arrays started at 1, as was the default, and I do not even know what you allude to. The first element has the index 1. Since there is no zeroth element - neither in language nor in thinking -, starting at 0 is what causes problems. You always have to use a corrective term in your head - the element five elements after the third one has index 7.
Silibinin [1] is an antidote to death cap. As far as I know, silibinin has reduced the mortality from 2/3 to 1/3. If the damage done to the liver is already too big, then silibinin does not work and there are two options left: liver transplantation or death.
I wonder why the article does not even mention it, and I am worried that it is a case of "not invented here". Silibinin is here for at least 30 years. I was shocked when I read the story of one who was poisoned by eating the destroying angel (same poison) unwittingly. That story basically said, that at the end of the aughts, his doctors in Great Britain did not know about silibinin.
> William Fairbairn, was a portly pensioner with an unusual passion: he was the world’s leading expert in silent killing
This reads like a sentence straight from a bad 70s action movie. Who had decided he was the world's leading expert? And how in the world would one know?
The "narrative history" seems to use a lot of name dropping, as witnessed by the reference to Churchill in the title. Special Operations Executive, the ministry of ecomomic warfare as well as the build up of a large air force go back to the much maligned Neville Chamberlain.
Lactic acid fermentation [1] is the secret to many sausages. In the case of Mettwurst [2], made of raw meat, it is essential. Aged steak, hanged pheasants [3 - with a discussion of bacteria] - even today, the list should be long.
> Arguing continuity of national borders over centuries in the Balkans is a fools game anyway.
Hear, hear.
Yet, the knowledge of the so called historical regions will get you far in Eastern and Southern Europe. The maps of voting behavior pop up here every now and then. And this is only one aspect.
> But everything ALGOL-68 did, PL/I did earlier and better.
I just wanted to write "Not so". As much as I appreciate the OP in general, his knowledge of Algol 68 is limited. Algol 68 was more than the introduction of first class datatypes. Parallel programming comes to mind. In comparison to PL/I, there were other features such as automatic memory management. It helped to have had John McCarthy in the commitee.
That is exactly what you write. It was agreed on that Poland was moved to the west, and that any claims to reimbursements would have to be addressed to the Soviet Union. Given that Poland has accepted and insisted on the movement to the west, as witnessed by the border treaty [1],the question remains why Polish leaders never had the guts to demand reparations from the Soviet Union.
> Something that doesn't return a value shouldn't be called a "function", that's just a C-ism.
Something that does not seem to return a value returns in fact a value of the type void which is empty. The idea comes from Algol 68 and has been a contribution by a certain John McCarthy.
As always, the off topic invitation cannot be passed.
The two-level grammar of Algol 68 gave the semantics of Algol 68 in a denotational language, the second level. As such, it is not more complicated as other languages with defined semantics, such as in the ML family. To my knowledge, people used that second level to implement a real virtual (ho hum) machine, resulting in a working interpreter. However, the ML aficionados can be surprised with the information that their language was not first one with fully defined semantics. Algol 68 was ahead of its time.
As for Pascal, history as I know says that Wirth invented Pascal as a training language for a course in which a one pass compiler was to be built. Only later, when the Algol 68 project became complicated, Wirth started to market it as a superior design - something which it never has been.
The article refers only to the Politeia (republic). And most commentators do the same. It is pretty likely that they do so because they know little Plato. Popper, however, knew more than that. While the totalitarian tendencies in the Politeia are already indicated1, Popper refers to later dialogues such as the Nomoi (Laws) which spell it out.
1where Plato's Socrates takes on the task of refuting himself- a common rhethoric ploy trying limit the power of interpretation to oneself
Further, Popper made it abundantly clear that whosoever thought that Popper's critique of Plato referred only to the Politeia had not read Popper at all. So far so bad. Philosophers as well as there reception can be a sobering experience.
The translation is good and authentic. Those who can read Low German[1] can compare the slightly different versions here[2]. In their comments[3 (German)], the brothers Grimm state that the storyline of a woman who pushes her husband for too much is ages old and known in many cultures. They have picked the richest German version.
If a Straussian reading is needed, then it should be considered that a Low German story from a coastal - hence Protestant - region rates the pope higher than the king.
[1] Low German was a way of getting crap[4] past the radar for the Grimms. Compared to the Juniper Tree[5] (Van den Machandelboom - Low German, again), this fairy tale is harmless.
[2] https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Vom_Fischer_und_seiner_Frau
[3] https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Kinder-_und_Haus-M%C3%A4rchen...
[4] What he translates as "filthy shack" is literally a "pissing pot", i.e. a chamber pot. He seems to have a hard time telling it as it is. Maybe, the Straussian reading makes sense.
[5] https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm047.html - you have been warned.