Indeed Bizum is almost default now here in Spain, and for instance the equivalent in Sweden, Swish, is also almost default there. Went trekking into a national park, and the rangers will leave a number to Swish a bit of money if you want to use the fire pits; no other payment means.
This is exactly how we implemented eIDAS in Spain. The government-issued national ID (DNIe) is an ISO 7816-compliant smart card. Latest versions are also ISO 14443-compliant for contactless reading. To use it, you just need a simple smart card reader or an NFC-enabled phone. https://www.dnielectronico.es/PortalDNIe/PRF1_Cons02.action?...
I don't know about the A320 but this was certainly the model for the Eurofighter. One of my university professors was in one of the teams, they were given the specs and not allowed to communicate with the other teams in any way during the hw and sw development.
Lenovo has been doing this in Spain for quite a bit, and you can even buy them without any preinstalled OS at all for a lower price still. But at least here the option is typically available for ThinkPads rather than for more cheap consumer lines. Same with Acer. Dell offers Linux options but no "empty" option afaik.
It really depends on the problem to be solved (domain size, complexity of physical phenomena such as turbulence model, heat transfer, acoustics, multiphase flows, combustion, etc., number of time steps required...). In our case we perform for instance simulations of turbomachinery acoustics that can take 3-4 weeks running in a few hundreds of CPU cores, combustion acoustics simulations that can take a week or two running in 1k-2k cores...
Oh no, apologies if that was the impression I gave!! I actually perform CFD simulations in HPC clusters, and in fact I'm an admin of the small cluster at my research institute =)
These are indeed heavy computations. What I meant is that VoF is one additional equation to be solved besides the N-S equations (either filtered as in LES or Reynolds-averaged as in RANS), the energy equation, your turbulence model equations, and so on. Certainly, not instantaneous at all, but simply an additional "simple" model that we can hook into our current way of doing CFD.
So, my point was, sloshing is a problem that we know how to simulate, although certainly you need HPC resources. Though, looking at those 100k NVIDIA H100 Elon has, I guess they have them! :P
It is difficult, but there are modeling approaches that work, such as VoF (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_of_fluid_method). Basically, in addition to velocity, pressure, temperature, etc., you store an additional scalar in each cell of your computational mesh representing the liquid's volume fraction. Then, you solve an additional equation to transport that scalar.
There's also the issue of ingesting the turbulent/detached boundary layer of the fuselage at high angles of attack, causing inlet distortions and the corresponding risk of compressor stall.
Even inside itself: filmmakers went to remote Los Angeles in the early 1900s because Thomas Edison, in NJ, held most of the patents on motion picture cameras and out west they were much more difficult to enforce.