How Should the U.S. Fund Research and Development?(theatlantic.com)
theatlantic.com
How Should the U.S. Fund Research and Development?
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/us-research-and-development/477435/?single_page=true
21 comments
To be fair, scientists by and large understand the need of replication, and evaluation in general. It's just in certain fields (e.g. psychology) or circumstances with human subjects, it's very expensive or even infeasible to have well controlled repeated experiments.
If you don't have well controlled, repeatable experiments (a.k.a. the scientific method) are you actually doing science? I think we should come up with another word for these types of one-off studies.
Many fields advance without solid well controlled, repeatable experiments, at least through various stages of development: cosmology, geology, most of medicine, philosophy, science of mind, etc. You don't consider those all "science"?
There's more to science than Bacon.
There's more to science than Bacon.
Those fields have scientific and non-scientific components. The non-scientific parts are not science.
Your statement is tautological. You might want to read up on epistemology and the philosophy of science -- I would start with Karl Popper. As I said, Bacon is not the definition of science.
Bizarrely, my unremarkable comment was downvoted!
Bizarrely, my unremarkable comment was downvoted!
> Your statement is tautological
You want to label fields that have both scientific components and non-scientific components (in varying proportions) as "science." The point of my statement is that some of those fields have scientific aspects, and there may be sub-fields I'd categorize as "science," but I wouldn't categorize the field as a whole as "science."
You want to label fields that have both scientific components and non-scientific components (in varying proportions) as "science." The point of my statement is that some of those fields have scientific aspects, and there may be sub-fields I'd categorize as "science," but I wouldn't categorize the field as a whole as "science."
I believe you were downvoted because you were factually inaccurate about the presence of scientific studies in medicine especially. Controlled, double-blind, repeatable (from a population standpoint) studies are something medicine is good at. Note that there are counter-examples of medical studies which were poorly conducted, but realize that they are the exception not the rule.
> computer networking
I've been in computing long enough to know that the first thing anyone does with 2 computers is to connect them together. The notion that nobody would have thought of it without Arpanet is absurd. People invented networking protocols ALL THE TIME before the internet. FidoNET, BIX, Prodigy, MCImail, AOL, RBBS, CompuServe, Kermit, The $25 Network, etc. Even I designed a scheme (I never got around to implementing it), even calling it "web" (!).
I've been in computing long enough to know that the first thing anyone does with 2 computers is to connect them together. The notion that nobody would have thought of it without Arpanet is absurd. People invented networking protocols ALL THE TIME before the internet. FidoNET, BIX, Prodigy, MCImail, AOL, RBBS, CompuServe, Kermit, The $25 Network, etc. Even I designed a scheme (I never got around to implementing it), even calling it "web" (!).
I believe that whoever is in charge of federal funding in R&D will have to be extremely smart and balanced in his views because R&D plays a great role in the economy and future of this country. The right approach is a balanced between fundamental and applied research. And it's not just balanced but which areas to invest money into.
I think that the government would be better served to spend money researching fundamental science, that seems to me to be the great shortfall of industry.
Intel, Westinghouse, biotech in general, and Dow do a pretty good job on the applied piece IMHO.
Intel, Westinghouse, biotech in general, and Dow do a pretty good job on the applied piece IMHO.
>Intel, Westinghouse, biotech in general, and Dow do a pretty good job on the applied piece IMHO.
Private companies are in a great position to do applied research, but they are often slow or unwilling to distribute the research results for the benefit of everyone.
Private companies are in a great position to do applied research, but they are often slow or unwilling to distribute the research results for the benefit of everyone.
They actually do a good job of that as well, it's just that they do it in the form of patents which means that you have to pay to benefit from their work.
I think the question is bit biased. I think we should ask first if the idea of the fund itself is a good idea.
> I think the question is bit biased. I think we should ask first if the idea of the fund itself is a good idea.
That's literally the first issue the article discusses in detail. It's in bright red lettering in bold font.
That's literally the first issue the article discusses in detail. It's in bright red lettering in bold font.
Since the times of Newton, science has always been funded by governments. Funding agencies are as much part of the real-world scientific process as The Hypothesis.
Not exclusively. Einstein wasn't.
He was a government employee in 1905 when he published special relativity, Brownian motion, and the photoelectric effect. This work was done while he was a student studying under a government-funded scientist. He was a full professor by the time he released general relativity.
He was a patent examiner. Not a government funded researcher.
You might refer to the long-standing grant systems at DOE, NEA, SBA, and so on.
by letting free individuals decide what they want to fund?
Replication is the unsexy grunt work that makes science reliable, but it usually doesn't make anyone famous (or necessarily even get them tenure), because it's not bleeding edge work creating or advancing new theories.
Maybe the government should treat this like a market failure and generously fund replication studies.
Planet Money on the replication issue: http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/01/15/463237871/episo...
Replication crisis (wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis