Very few poor people drive into lower Manhattan. And people whose work requires them to drive in that area (delivery drivers, plumbers, etc.) come out ahead. One of the first NYT stories after congestion pricing was rolled out had multiple quotes from tradesmen reporting that they're saving an hour or more a day and prefer the new system.
> A lot of books, even small scale ones, are also fake and very low quality.
My sister works in manga and anime publishing and this is an existential threat to her company. Some of the issues they're grappling with:
1. For some of their titles, the genuine item doesn't even appear among search results on Amazon—only the counterfeits do.
2. The quality issues with the counterfeits can result in losing all future business from a customer. For example, download codes will be missing or non-functional. Irrational as it is, customers blame the publisher when this happens and stop buying further titles from them.
3. Amazon seems to be using some slapdash ML to determine how many of each title to order. They'll purchase 10k of vols. 5 and 7 of a series and only 1k of vol. 6. Guess how many of that 10k of vol. 7 end up selling when that happens?
Amazon is, needless to say, non-responsive to their concerns.
I'm not seeing what the "catastrophic" issue is. A site can include a link to install an app from a third-party marketplace and, when the user affirmatively acts to proceed with the install, that marketplace can see which site the install request came from.
The conversation here is focussing on industrial espionage, but that's only one use case for this kind of active measure. An association with an opposition political party could easily get one on a surveillance list.
> BPP is the complexity class for decision problems that a randomized algorithm can solve in polynomial time, in the sense that on every input (worst-case), the algorithm is right with at least 2/3 probability (over its own randomness).
What's the theoretical significance of the 2/3 threshold?
If a jurisdiction is reducing the number of election day polling places in an area, they're also going to reduce opportunities to vote in other ways. An egregious example is Houston, where there is now one (1) place to drop off early ballots in a county of 4 million people.
TFA uses sloppy phrasing, but it's correct. The claim is not that earlier logicians such as Frege viewed logical concepts as meaningless. It's that, before Tarski and Gödel, no one clearly distinguished syntax and semantics, and so earlier logicians lacked the conceptual resources to describe the difference between truth and provability, let alone investigate their relationship. (Frege only ever considers a single semantics for any formal system.)
The book presented only a few phrases from within-universe languages. The movie includes non-trivial amounts of dialogue in those languages, which someone had to write. How they did so could be interesting, and an article about that isn't any more suspicious than one about the movie's vfx or any other aspect of the creative process.