IP is not a text format (like HTTP). It's a binary format where each field of the IPv4 header has an exactly defined offset and length. The source IP address is placed at offset 96 and has a length of 32 bit, the destination IP address sits right afterwards with the same length. Changing anything will result in new protocol definition, et voilà that's IPv6.
They don't need correlation. Operating large numbers of nodes gives them a high enough probability that all three hops may be under their control thus they can observe the entire route.
I was astonished about the rapid expansion of the list of cyber warfare forces in recent years and by the incredible mass of cyber warfare capabilities of the United States.
You are the only commenter quoting the horizontal development. So maybe my idea relates to you.
Are you familar with the concept of the Big O notation [1], which computer scientists use to (more or less) describe the "growth" of their algorithms? E.g. when you compare something that growth quadratically O(n²) to something that only growth linear O(n) you will see, that at some point the quadratically growth will grow faster as the linear growth. Forever! The linear growth will never win.
Comparing this to the horizontal sprawl of a city is easy. The area of a city is planar which is mathematically described as quadratic O(n²) but the average growth of the domestic product is just linear O(n). Assuming the maintainance cost of a planar sprawling city growth quadratic while the domestic product only growth linear then the costs will win over the income. Forever!
The conclusion is to limit the horizontal sprawl of a city to linear growth. This means every new house, street, rail road, pipe system, power line and so on must be build inside a diameter to the city's center with a distance which is logaritmic O(lg(n)) on average. The rest must growth vertically.
This is just my heuristic but Haskell has just 25 keywords. For comparison: C 32, Java 53, C++ 83 and C# 102. What makes Haskell confusing are the 115 GHC language extensions. Each is basically a new concept to learn. Every time i join a new and sufficiently large project, I stumble across an extension that I am not familiar with.
I remember last year around christmas/new year 2018/2019 a similar hack/leak/doxxing took place, targeting 994 (!!) mostly german politicians, celebrities and influencers. Massive amounts of private information (names, addresses, phone numbers, e-mails, DMs, contacts, online profiles, chat logs, private documents and even intimate details) where leaked. The data was published on a wide spread of public pastebins and etherpads. It took ages to take them down. The attacker had set up a labyrinth of links, files and passwords and even structured the data by topics and political parties.
Attack vector: Sim-Swapping. It was too easy. As soon as he got into one account, he got access to it's contacts and more phone numbers.
The attacker (0rbit) was a 20 year old student living at his parents home. He bragged about his hack to a online friend. This friend knew that 0rbit had been raided by the police years earlier. He betrayed him to the investigators and with the exact date of the raid the they were able looked up the old case and reveal his identity.
I got interessted in science not through books but through experiments. Every sunday morning after breakfast our parents made us do simple experiments. After my interest was roused, i became interested in books by myself.
Where did the author commit to a certain standard? Maybe the author knows all of this but isn't -Wpedantic. Please don't jump to conclusions and assume worst.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_version_4#He...