"but technically the IP address and result could be stored without there being a relation between them?"
Technically the answer is yes. We've deliberately made it very difficult (along with not out and out storing the data). All of this is a little academic though - If you wanted to compile a list of targets you'd just do the scans yourself... It'd be million times faster and easier than trying to hack it out of us.
A mate and I have set up a free web-based tool to help folk check their exposure to this bug. it's at http://rdpcheck.com. i encourage you to tell those who should know