Why Sealion Is Not an Option for Hitler to Win the War (1998)(philmasters.org.uk)
philmasters.org.uk
Why Sealion Is Not an Option for Hitler to Win the War (1998)
http://www.philmasters.org.uk/SF/Sealion.htm
17 comments
If you're not that familiar with D-day, you may not realize how extensive the logistic preparations were. This was Eisenhower's achievement - his background was in logistics. Moving an army across the English Channel was hard enough. Forcing an opposed landing was hard. But once landed, supplying a huge mechanized army for an attack across France presented problems never before solved.
Preparations for the landing involved the development of landing craft of various sizes, amphibious vehicles, (including the DD Sherman, which floated, sort of, using canvas screens), and specialized vehicles such as flail tanks, for beating a path through minefields. That's all well known.
Less well known are the second phase logistic innovations. There were the Mulberry portable harbors, barges which were towed across the Channel and sunk to provide breakwaters, along with jack-up rigs for wharfs and pontoon bridges for access. These provided the first way to get trucks and tanks across in quantity. The temporary harbors were destroyed in a storm, but by then enough soldiers and gear were in France to capture a real harbor at Cherbourg.
Fuel was in drums in the early phases. But 17 fuel pipelines were unwound from huge spools ("Conundrums") across the channel. That took care of fuel supply. Mostly; there were still shortages in-theater.
There were lots of other new logistic systems, including, in the later stages of the invasion, prepackaged Coca-Cola bottling plants. (64 transportable bottling plants were eventually deployed.) The British fabricated low-cost railroad locomotives to be transported to Europe for the invasion. The US Army had railroad units which could quickly repair track and bridges. The famous Red Ball Express, an endless chain of trucks traveling at 25MPH, did much inland supply. The Allies had plenty of trucks. The Germans were still using horses for road transport in WWII. They planned to ship 4000 horses across the channel for the invasion.
This may seem like overkill, but the Dieppe raid disaster convinced the Allies that invasion without heavy logistics backup would be very risky and could lead to huge armies being stranded and lost.
Sealion doesn't seem to have included comparable plans for supplying German troops in Britain. Nor was the German invasion of Russia supplied adequately. (German plans did not include supplying the troops with winter gear. It was supposed to be a blitzkreig. Didn't work out that way.)
The WWII experience led to one of the great strengths of the American military - the ability to supply a sizable army almost anywhere. Few armies worldwide can do that at all. It's insanely expensive to do this, but it's a lot better than losing.
For a modern view of military logistics, see "Moving Mountains", by Gen. Patronis, who managed logistics for the Gulf War in the 1990s. Even though the combat part of the war lasted only 4 days, they were prepared and supplied for a long, hard war. Lots of supplies were unused and were shipped back to storage. This is a lot better than underestimating the enemy.
Preparations for the landing involved the development of landing craft of various sizes, amphibious vehicles, (including the DD Sherman, which floated, sort of, using canvas screens), and specialized vehicles such as flail tanks, for beating a path through minefields. That's all well known.
Less well known are the second phase logistic innovations. There were the Mulberry portable harbors, barges which were towed across the Channel and sunk to provide breakwaters, along with jack-up rigs for wharfs and pontoon bridges for access. These provided the first way to get trucks and tanks across in quantity. The temporary harbors were destroyed in a storm, but by then enough soldiers and gear were in France to capture a real harbor at Cherbourg.
Fuel was in drums in the early phases. But 17 fuel pipelines were unwound from huge spools ("Conundrums") across the channel. That took care of fuel supply. Mostly; there were still shortages in-theater.
There were lots of other new logistic systems, including, in the later stages of the invasion, prepackaged Coca-Cola bottling plants. (64 transportable bottling plants were eventually deployed.) The British fabricated low-cost railroad locomotives to be transported to Europe for the invasion. The US Army had railroad units which could quickly repair track and bridges. The famous Red Ball Express, an endless chain of trucks traveling at 25MPH, did much inland supply. The Allies had plenty of trucks. The Germans were still using horses for road transport in WWII. They planned to ship 4000 horses across the channel for the invasion.
This may seem like overkill, but the Dieppe raid disaster convinced the Allies that invasion without heavy logistics backup would be very risky and could lead to huge armies being stranded and lost.
Sealion doesn't seem to have included comparable plans for supplying German troops in Britain. Nor was the German invasion of Russia supplied adequately. (German plans did not include supplying the troops with winter gear. It was supposed to be a blitzkreig. Didn't work out that way.)
The WWII experience led to one of the great strengths of the American military - the ability to supply a sizable army almost anywhere. Few armies worldwide can do that at all. It's insanely expensive to do this, but it's a lot better than losing.
For a modern view of military logistics, see "Moving Mountains", by Gen. Patronis, who managed logistics for the Gulf War in the 1990s. Even though the combat part of the war lasted only 4 days, they were prepared and supplied for a long, hard war. Lots of supplies were unused and were shipped back to storage. This is a lot better than underestimating the enemy.
In fairness, at the onset of WWII, only the US had fully abandoned using horses in its logistical trains (save for terrain impassable by vehicle), although only the USSR used horse logistics in anywhere near the degree the Germans did. This can probably be partially attributed to persistent oil shortages in Germany.
These provided the first way to get trucks and tanks across in quantity. The temporary harbors were destroyed in a storm, but by then enough soldiers and gear were in France to capture a real harbor at Cherbourg.
Not quite right - only one was destroyed. The other was damaged, but used for the better part of a year and brought in millions of tons of supplies. A good part of the Aromanche harbour is still there. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_harbour
It's not an understatement to say the logistics aspects of D Day were masterful, as was the disinformation campaign (Operation Bodyguard).
Not quite right - only one was destroyed. The other was damaged, but used for the better part of a year and brought in millions of tons of supplies. A good part of the Aromanche harbour is still there. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_harbour
It's not an understatement to say the logistics aspects of D Day were masterful, as was the disinformation campaign (Operation Bodyguard).
I wonder if the effectiveness of air superiority is being undervalued. The record of surface navies vs air planes during WWII was not great.
With air superiority, your army may operate as it sees fit, having freedom of the battlefield. Without it, you will likely lose battle after battle as your troops are not only bombarded from above, but their movements are anticipated and countered.
Example of the latter: The Ottoman Empire's attempt to take the Suez Canal in 1915 via overland march. The movements of their approaching army were reported to the British & Indian troops by the new "wonder weapon" of the age - the aeroplane. The Turks lost 2000 men, the British 150.
Edit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siY6C55ndI4
Example of the latter: The Ottoman Empire's attempt to take the Suez Canal in 1915 via overland march. The movements of their approaching army were reported to the British & Indian troops by the new "wonder weapon" of the age - the aeroplane. The Turks lost 2000 men, the British 150.
Edit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siY6C55ndI4
> If we turn our attention to point 3 [What is going to prevent the RN from interfering?] for a while, the standard response is to say that the Luftwaffe could sink the RN ships. However, the Luftwaffe of the period had a pathetic record against warships. 39 RN destroyers took part in the Dunkirk evacuation. This operation required manoeuvring in a small harbour, with periods stationary while embarking troops. The Luftwaffe had command of the air for long periods. In these ideal conditions, the Luftwaffe managed to put out of commission a grand total of 4 destroyers. 4 out of 39 does not bode well for the Luftwaffe's chances.
Addressed pretty solidly I think, everyone except the German air force did well against navies. Air superiority doesn't matter if they can't destroy the targets on the ground/sea.
Addressed pretty solidly I think, everyone except the German air force did well against navies. Air superiority doesn't matter if they can't destroy the targets on the ground/sea.
At no point in the war was the Luftwaffe capable of (a) clearing the English Channel for such an invasion and (b) keeping the channel clear for reinforcements. It might have been possible to get an initial landing party on the shores of England, but reinforcing them would have been extraordinarily difficult.
The Luftwaffe would have been harassed not only by surface ships with rather formidable anti-aircraft systems, but also by the RAF which they continuously failed to knock out of the war.
Let's also not forget that Germany possessed no vessels truly capable of taking an invasion force across the Channel to begin with.
The Luftwaffe would have been harassed not only by surface ships with rather formidable anti-aircraft systems, but also by the RAF which they continuously failed to knock out of the war.
Let's also not forget that Germany possessed no vessels truly capable of taking an invasion force across the Channel to begin with.
For the Pacific theater, sure, but at the time the Luftwaffe were notoriously bad at attacking ships, especially the hundreds of fast-moving smaller gunboats which would have wrecked the invasion barges.
I have read that after his graduation from West Point in 1944, Lt. John Eisenhower got to visit with his father. On one of the beaches, watching the dense motor and foot traffic, Lt. Eisenhower said, "You couldn't do this if you didn't have air supremacy." Gen. Eisenhower snorted and said "I wouldn't be here if I didn't have air supremacy."
Anybody know the year for this?
First post is from June of '98 (it was broken up into a series of Usenet posts)
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.history.what-if/RQgq-USI...
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.history.what-if/RQgq-USI...
Thanks! Added.
Web server reports modified: Sat, 18 Apr 2015
And googling the URL only returns results from after April 2015. So I am going to think that is accurate.
And googling the URL only returns results from after April 2015. So I am going to think that is accurate.
[deleted]
Germany had absolutely none of those things. Most people arguing alternative history scenarios tend to suggest some way by which the RAF and RN basically cease to exist, and--as this article points out--even then, the plan was so half-baked that it would still have failed. Basically, it would have failed because the German high command had no idea how to do an amphibious invasion, had no preparation for it, had no preparation for how to maintain an invading force after the initial beach was cleared. In addition, the German blitzkrieg tactics masked the fact that Germany had poor logistics capability, which amphibious assaults are the poster child of: you need to carefully orchestrate obscene concentrations of soldiers and materiel in confined space and time (tide) restrictions.