But it allows downloading and executing interpreted code. See paragraph 3.3.2 of Apple Developer Program License Agreement.
So you can have significant portion of your app in say javascript, which you can update OTA.
E.g. react native apps have most of their functionality in js and can use services like code push to update themselves without app store and it doesn't violate Apple ToS.
Czech Republic (EU member) data protection regulator is aware and ruled that if user has cookies enabled in his browser, that's enough and user gave cookie consent. If user doesn't want to have cookies stored, he can block them in the browser.
Singularity is a result of applying a theory of relativity in a case where we know relativity doesn't work, so it's unlikely it's real.