For anybody not willing to burden their text with full-on quotations, but to avoid such plagiarism claims:
It can be as unobtrusive as putting a simple footnote after each of those paraphrased blocks of text, thus only appearing as tiny numbers in the text.
If Klein had just done that, he would have escaped this kind of accusation, while not changing a single character of his books as they are currently written -- except for the tiny footnote numbers. The footnotes contents can also be gathered at the end of the book, and this is completely normal.
And there is nothing wrong with a text full of footnotes. That's really the standard, actually, in books targeting advanced readers, such as students.
You're right that it is used commonly, but we have the chance to be in a position to know better (thanks to our cross-cultural and larger perspective).
The right term is gaikokujin, but if we speak in English there is no reason to not just say "foreigner".
"gaijin" has the vibes of "outsider", and is never used in public speech other than by xenophobic speakers.
In private or familiar conversations it is commonly used, yes.
We can distill our disagreement into: "present perspective vs past perspective".
Why do I think that the archaeologic/anthropologic perspective is a great point on this issue?
It's because it's precisely one of the talking points of Japanese anti-immigration or xenophobic politicians or writers to emphasize those points. They always say that Japan is different in that of America or of European countries. However archaeology taught us that this is not true.
Just as European countries have always been connected and mixed together, Japan also has undergone population mixes. Just on a larger time scale. That's for the "ethnical homegeinity".
So that is a great way to explain why this particular argument of "Japanese exceptionalism" doesn't hold.
Now for the "political" homogeinity: this one is a pure illusion.
In current Japan, even if very-long-term political circumstances have taught people to stay discreet about political disagreement (quite similar to, say, in Russian mindset of avoiding talking politics), there are a lot of different mindsets, and many subcultures.
Even the cultural "homogeinity" is quite recent (Meiji era), and a product of violence. There were 4 casts etc, and the samurais cast tried (and succeeded) to become the "only legitimate one".
Now what about the world in, say, one century, when all the cultures will have time to mix together and stabilize the result all over the world? It will not be unlike the "homogeinity" that you see in today's Japan.
This is precisely what Japan's ancient history can teach us, and I think it's a great way to disarm the far-right and xenophobic rhetorics that is unrelentingly ruining our ears and brains nowadays.
(PS: Please refrain from using "gaijin" which is widely regarded as a xenophobic slur.)
That's not what most recent archaeological discoveries tell.
Quite distinct groups of humans mixed in ancient Japan, as different and distant at that time as the groups that are mixed in modern times in Peru or India.
Some groups were related to Autronesians, others to Yakuts, yet other groups to Hans, etc.
If I remember correctly, at least three distinct groups are proven to have cohabited and arrived at different times.
Mixing of cultures always lead to adding up their different solutions to all kinds of problems, improving the fitness of the result among other groups of humans.
It's gathering all the positive ideas or traditions of several groups, and the less useful or negative aspects tend to just fade naturally.
And its "homogeneous identity" is mostly a construction, dating back from the Meiji era.
And Heian period Japan had a completely different set of values, not less nor more valid than Meiji era Japan, just different.
So the identity of a nation is not something eternal nor absolute.
Heck, there is even proof Japan has been a mosaic of at least three sets of human populations in prehistoric times, arrived at different times on the land.
So here you are: yes Japan was, long time ago, a land of immigration.
Would you mind showing me some evidence that software update systems are able to push to you e.g. a different Android update based on your device ID or specific IP? (not just country geolocation) (PS: your link is about deploying malware through other routes, not by normal software updates)
Because all the other means I can think of are just basic malwarfare.
As you need to rely on a vendor/distributor to get updates, then of course they are able to push you malware, there is absolutely no going around this first ring of trust.
Conclusion : there is no point in accusing Proton of anything... there are just being software providers (FOSS by the way!!!).
There is NO such mechanism (discriminated updates by user), of my knowledge, in:
- Linux (apt, pacman, rpm...),
- Android
And I would add Windows and iOS/MacOS but I'm not at all an expert so I leave others to confirm that their "app stores" don't do such exotic prowesses.
You can artificially insert a malicious script in a package that would scan your system, deduce your identity, and install something based on that, but in this case that means that it is just a malware in the first place. And that would mean that the app to be installed contains a "mutable" component of data that is not defined by the contents of the package but rather written upon post-install actions, so that is also dubious to include that for formally in the "app from that package" definition. In any case, such behavior would get your package banned from any app store or Linux distribution.
- A/B testing is agnostic of who the user is, it is randomized. If it was not, that would be a bad practice and would legitimately ruin the reputation of the company doing that,
- auto-updates is just the setting allowing the most recently published update to be installed. "Published" means it is for everyone. If that is to be understood in any other meaning, that would also be bad practice,
- and I don't see what you mean by server-side re-routing.
To be honest, maybe I just live with different platforms and apps than you I don't know. I use Android, and Linux on my Laptop, but I would also expect Windows to not discriminate by user when pushing updates.
If it is rephrased, you cannot just put quotation marks.
But you still have to indicate the source of the rephrasing (especially when it is lightly rephrased) e.g. by a footnote.