If a model demonstrates being good by winning on prediction markets I may want to ask the same model questions which are too niche to have markets. That said I don't know if niche questions are enough of a revenue stream to be interesting for model providers.
Perhaps they may enforce a knowledge cut-off for information retrieval and price the service based on how recent the cut-off is, and also use the cut-off as a way to guard their advantage on the markets.
Hi, I wrote the Linux kernel drivers for speaker output on the new ARM64 Macs, so I can shed some light on this.
> I wonder how they model the energy output of the speakers.
Simple. The speaker codecs (special made for Apple, but e.g. compatible to https://www.ti.com/product/TAS2764) give you current/voltage measurements you can calculate the power from. It's what they call I/V sense.
> In principle you could have a function that calculates the energy of the spectrum and integrate that over time.
Right. You don't want to do the calculation in frequency domain since that would be wasteful. You can integrate the power of the samples straight away (here by multiplying the instantaneous voltage and current, if we didn't have that, we could at least estimate it by assuming a constant resistance of the speaker coils).
> If you put out too much energy, what do you do? Reduce the overall volume, apply a frequency cutoff, or a low-pass-filter?
You model the coil's temperature. If it comes near a dangerous level, you reduce the volume on the particular speaker. You don't need to worry too much about this since usually you don't hit the limits, you are merely guarding against especially nasty sound input.
> I feel there are so many variables here, and it is going to be hard to replicate what Apple does.
We don't need to replicate what Apple does. Though we are stealing the parameters for the coil temperature model Apple is using (at least for some machines).
Yes, exceptions should be written into the law in the first place. I assume the government is very comfortable with getting to draw the line themselves.
I happen to come from that part of the world where something radically different has been tried out, and will also tell you capitalism is good (considering the alternatives).
> It seems to me this is simply a statement that an electron is a fermion not a boson, right?
Not really, that's a property of any quantum particle, bosons also. They don't occupy a single point in space like you would imagine classical particles do. They also cannot occupy a single point in space relative to another particle.
> It's a fermion, but why should it be?
Well there's the spin-statistics theorem in quantum field theory which starts from some likely assumptions and then shows that particles with non-integral spin must be fermions while particles with integral spin must be bosons. Other than that I take it simply as an experimental fact. I don't think there's a nice reason for it one could give (today, that is).
> I don't really understand the physics of why electrons don't collapse into the positive nucleus, since positives and negatives should attract
My (student of physics) answer to that would be that they are pretty much collapsed as much as they can. It’s just that under quantum mechanics that least energetic state is not the one in which the electron is perfectly co-localized with the positive charge. (As that perfect co-localization is not even physically attainable.)
> ...as they continue to build a dystopian new world order where only they control everything you can do with your own hardware
Well, the new M1 computers have a built-in ability to run third-party OSes. It is not an oversight but rather something Apple intended to do and spend effort implementing in a way that fits their security model. That they did not provide any hardware documentation to go with it, is another thing.
Don't they, really? I was under the impression that they do implement OS-level sandboxing and the ban on JIT/arbitrary execute is another level of security.
"To hide the complexity of SSD internals, the controller usually contains a piece of software called an FTL (Flash Translation Layer); the FTL provides the host with a simple block interface and manages all the operations on the flash chips."
...
"A hybrid FTL uses page-level mappings for new data and converts them to block-level mappings when it runs out of mapping cache."
> The psychological boost of everyone wearing their own lovely little custom masks together was really cool and bonding. They were the last connection to the early successful response to covid, when they were deprecated it seemed to be around the time where everyone just sort of gave up.
True. Now that I think of it, it was an interesting time when the masks were first mandated virtually overnight. Back then it was okay to wear a mask which was obviously made from a kitchen towel, then people gradually shifted towards wearing neatly-made ones.
I seem to remember the authors being Czech. This is also suggested by the fact that the Czech website is different from other language variations and gives a Prague address for mail orders. Maybe the developers are in Prague and sales go through Germany.
From what I read on this it is surprising to me that the Russian involvement has not been uncovered earlier.
The two operatives were official visitors to the warehouse at around the time of the incident. Scans of their fake passports have been on file ever since. It seems they could have easily been recognized as GRU operatives at the latest when their faces became public knowledge in 2018.
Perhaps they may enforce a knowledge cut-off for information retrieval and price the service based on how recent the cut-off is, and also use the cut-off as a way to guard their advantage on the markets.