Love this app. Exactly how I taught myself to type--and write. Would be great if there was a way to use more "modern" literature. Especially books written well in simple english. Michael Lewis comes to mind...
Read Ed Thorp's 'A Man for All Markets'. Fantastic biography of an extraordinary mind. Godfather of stat arb/market neutral.
It is also very helpful to understand how corporate finance works. Read 10-Ks from a few company you're interested in. These can be found on the company's investor relations page or in the Edgar database. (Ideally a consumer driven company that makes stuff for people vs a bank, energy co, etc). Learn how the various financial statements interact. While you're looking at this study DCF valuation.
Get an idea of how non-quants evaluate investments. Particularly good are Howard Mark's Chairman's Letters and David Einhorn's 'Fooling Some of the People'.
If you're looking to learn about finance from a Wall Street/Corporate perspective, learn how a DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) model works. There are many such resources. Wall Street Training is a good, practical one.
Two good resources that give a strong philosophical foundation are Howard Mark's Chairman's Letters (free @ Oaktree Capital website), David Einhorn's "Fooling Some of the People All of the Time", and Nassim Taleb's "Fooled by Randomness."