I'm skimming the results, but it looks like adult teeth had less cavities when they turned the fluoride off...and that was not observed in Edmonton where they left the fluoride on the whole time.
"For all tooth surfaces among permanent teeth (Table 1a), there was a statistically significant decrease in Calgary, for the overall mean DMFS, which was not observed in Edmonton."
Based on their data, you could argue that fluoride increases cavities in adults... I'm not making that argument. I agree with you in that I think confounders are at play and the difference attributed to fluorinated water isn't as large.
People will use this study to take about the rampant tooth decay in Calgary, ignoring that there is roughly as much decay in Edmonton which had the fluoride on the whole time.
My first sentence in my original post was " The conclusion from the largest and strongest studies is that there is a certain level of fluoride that harms IQ." I did not move the goal posts from there.
I was replying to a comment that said "fluoride in the drinking water concentrations is proven safe" (there is actually no proof of this).
I never claimed that all fluoride levels harm IQ.
It's great that the US recommends that fluoride doesn't exceed levels that are proven to harm children's IQ, instead they only recommend levels for which there is "insufficient data".
I suppose we will ignore the people who are still drinking water with levels above what is known to be harmful.
"The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence, that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are associated with lower IQ in children".
They found drinking water with levels that lowered IQ. The actual conclusion was that higher levels (that were found in drinking water) lower IQ.
For lower levels the conclusion is we don't know how it effects IQ. The actual bold face conclusion is "More research is needed to better understand if there are health risks associated with low fluoride exposures".
Before calling them "anti science wackos", why not review the evidence or cite some of your own. Ironic that the "wackos" seem to be the only ones providing any evidence for their claims.
There is high quality evidence that fluoride at levels contained in some US water supplies is associated with lower childhood intelligence. For lower levels, the conclusion is "we don't know", not that there is no harm.
There is also high quality evidence that in the age of fluorinated toothpaste, fluorinated water "may slightly" improve dental health.
“The evidence suggests that water fluoridation may slightly reduce tooth decay in children,” says co-author Dr Lucy O’Malley, Senior Lecturer in Health Services Research at the University of Manchester. “Given that the benefit has reduced over time, before introducing a new fluoridation scheme, careful thought needs to be given to costs, acceptability, feasibility and ongoing monitoring."
Please define appropriate levels and then cite some evidence that proves with high certainty that level is safe.
For the sake of argument, assume that only 1% of the US has levels that harm IQ. Would it not be worth it to remove fluoride from the water to improve the intelligence of 1% of the population? Especially when you consider we can get fluoride from toothpaste?
"The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence, that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are associated with lower IQ in children"
They found fluoride in drinking water concentrations was associated with lower IQ, the opposite of your claim of "proven safe".
Show us some evidence that is proven safe, so far as I can tell all evidence points to unsafe or "we're not sure".
> What needs to stop happening is people ignoring objective reality just because the results happen to align with the other "team's" position on something.
I couldn't agree more. The study that is cited above started when Obama was president by the way.
To emphasize your point, I don't think anyone will notice if someone's alzheimers is 2.3% better.
These rating scales like CDR-SB (invented by drug companies or researchers who are funded by drug companies) are very good at making the tiniest improvement sound significant.
From what I've read, those drugs are very good at removing amyloid, but despite that, they don't seem to make much of a noticeable (clinically meaningful) difference in the people treated with them. I personally would not call that a "huge success".
If they are so good at cleaning up the amyloid, why don't people have more of an improvement? I think everyone agrees amyloid is associated with Alzheimer's, the question is how much of a causative role does it play.
I have also heard that because artificial sweeteners increase insulin levels without increasing blood glucose to the same extent that sugars would, this leads to a blood sugar drop which induces increased eating.
On some quick googling the mean debt at graduation from medical school is about 250,000 (this includes undergrad). This number is trending upward. There is also the opportunity cost of 4 years additional school and 3-7 years of getting paid 60-70k.
Most doctors end up making between 265k and 382k per year, this varies wildly (from pediatrician on the low end to brain surgeon on the high end).
There was rampant expansion of emergency medicine residency spots in the prior years without an associated increase in demand for new EM docs. People noticed the market there and chose to go elsewhere. Also, the unfilled positions are also the low quality ones where your education would be questionable (linked article mentions corporate owned which imo is a red flag).
Interestingly, there were no differences in the number of procedures performed on meeting and nonmeeting days (it's not the surgeries that are killing people).
The hypothesis that I find most interesting is that the cardiologists who are at the meetings spend less time caring for patients and more time doing research, hence they aren't as good at caring for patients.
Im guessing English isn't your first language? Fistel is not a commonly used term.