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mrcslws

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A native graphical shell for SSH

probablymarcus.com

370 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 29 يومًا228 comments

It's like a web view, but native

probablymarcus.com

5 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 3 أشهر0 comments

Tip: Use services, not the terminal, to run local backends

probablymarcus.com

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 4 أشهر1 comments

Show HN: A browser for Mac that connects to private web apps over SSH

outerloop.sh

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 9 أشهر0 comments

Web apps over SSH can be surprisingly good

probablymarcus.com

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 9 أشهر0 comments

Smooth Pursuit, and How Screens Don't Mimic Reality

probablymarcus.com

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 12 شهرًا1 comments

The web could use machine code

probablymarcus.com

1 pointsby mrcslwsالسنة الماضية0 comments

Expressions Are Pragmatic Model Visualizations

probablymarcus.com

1 pointsby mrcslwsقبل سنتين0 comments

What happens when you vectorize wide PyTorch expressions?

probablymarcus.com

125 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 3 سنوات16 comments

Gaussian Processes Extrapolate, Sometimes in Goofy Ways

probablymarcus.com

3 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 3 سنوات1 comments

Bayesian Optimization Is More Basis-Dependent Than You Might Think

probablymarcus.com

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 4 سنوات0 comments

Likely ≠ Typical: A Viewpoint on Why We Perturb Neural Networks

probablymarcus.com

2 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 4 سنوات0 comments

See your HTM run – NuPIC's behavior, plotted across time

youtube.com

1 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 11 سنة0 comments

Predicting power consumptions with Hierarchical Temporal Memory

mrcslws.com

9 pointsby mrcslwsقبل 11 سنة0 comments

comments

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

Ha, I’ve thought the same thing.

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

It's too slow. I mention this in the video at 1:20 - 1:50.

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

If you can SSH to a machine, you can use Outer Loop and Outer Shell, without having to do any sudo commands or expose anything new to the network. The browser + SSH client combined into a single app leads to nice user experiences like this. The final section of the post was saying that it's strange such a thing doesn't exist already.

FYI I made the same ActiveX connection here in the closing of the FAQ in the previous blog post about this native platform: https://probablymarcus.com/blocks/2026/05/10/like-a-web-view... I'm particularly proud of that paragraph.

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

Thanks for pointing this out. I'm not hating on Cockpit, but Outer Loop (with Outer Shell) has solved a lot more of the stack. Cockpit accepts the constraints of living in existing browsers, so it requires exposing a port to the internet or using some SSH port forwarding tool. Whereas I built a dedicated browser to push capabilities so that users can get a "Just point me to a server" flow.

This thread has been useful -- I think Cockpit will also work great in Outer Loop. And it will be easy to add it as an app in Outer Shell.

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

Thanks :)

I wrote a previous blog post that discussed WASM in the FAQ: https://probablymarcus.com/blocks/2026/05/10/like-a-web-view...

قبل 28 يومًاdiscuss

I think it's okay as long as:

  - sockets are blocked by default, until they are added to an allow-list explicitly on the server side
  - True sudo awareness ensures root sockets aren't reachable without the sudo password. (This capability is important, because otherwise you create an incentive for people to run root backends with user-accessible sockets.)

More here: https://outerloop.sh/security/

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

Also a blog post about it, with its own video: https://probablymarcus.com/blocks/2026/05/10/like-a-web-view...

It's a fun heretical idea, moving away from a "cross-platform" web to a "multi-platform" web. It's a cross-platform protocol that hands off to platform-specific frontend code. I think it's a natural direction for the web, in a world where LLMs can translate to other platforms.

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

I think there are different clusters of people who use servers, SSH, etc.

I'm closer to the cluster that uses them for deep learning experiments, GPU kernel optimization, robot development (a robot is just a server that moves!)... use cases where you are explicitly using a remote computer.

For this cluster of people, I think this tool feels more intuitive than the flow you suggest. But maybe I'm projecting!

And, to me, this just feels like one of the fundamental things that could exist; it's like a graphical operating system, but remote-first.

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

In all cases, the code is pre-compiled. A user never waits for anything to compile. When Outer Loop installs Outer Shell, it downloads pre-compiled binaries to the server. For Linux these are compiled against a manylinux ABI. Ditto for when Outer Shell installs one of the bundled apps. When a backend serves a native "web" app over HTTP it sends already-compiled ARM (or x86) code to the client.

Dependencies are less of a concern for the frontend binaries. For backends, I use a dependency-light approach, static-linking anything that's needed. Of course, people are welcome to do backends however they want, and just tell Outer Shell about the systemd/launchd units via the API. I used this no-dependency approach to keep everything lightweight and to keep install steps trivial, but admittedly it pushes me in certain directions (for example, using custom binary formats rather than sqlite).

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

Quick response regarding security:

On various Mozilla forums that I saw, the discussion was basically: 1. We can't just allow the browser to connect to any socket, since many either explicitly don't want browsers connecting to them, or are oblivious to browsers. 2. ...so we need to also add some sort of allow list 3. ...this is getting too complicated for such a niche feature.

So I think the nicheness was the high-order bit here.

(FYI, Outer Loop does add an allow-list: https://outerloop.sh/unix-domain-sockets/)

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

Sure, I just added YouTube mirror link to the post: https://youtu.be/e40PLLuZ5KI

(The one on the website is the standard browser video player, not custom.)

قبل 29 يومًاdiscuss

I wondered if this would be controversial. It all depends where you grew up.

> Cairo, like Chicago, had a new shell (Microsoft’s favorite word for the user interface for launching programs and managing files) and a new file system

https://hardcoresoftware.learningbyshipping.com/p/020-innova...

When I worked at Microsoft 2010 - 2014, the word "shell" was still used in this way. I decided to say "graphical shell", to make it clearer.

الشهر الماضيdiscuss

I can confirm, this is how Adam talks.

قبل 12 شهرًاdiscuss

Ha, after writing this post I found a Wikipedia article on this effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_motion_blur

السنة الماضيةdiscuss

From the blog post: "more than 99% of them had no activity in the last month" https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-url-shortener-li...

This is a classic product data decision-making fallacy. The right question is "how much total value do all of the links provide", not "what percent are used".

قبل 3 سنواتdiscuss

There may be tricks that I don't know about. One quick experimental answer I can give: if I change to looping over the sums and rerun Benchmark 3, my time in the aten::sum CUDA kernel increases from 0.779s (before) to 0.840ms (after). So CUDA doesn't seem to automagically handle this.

I will note that these grouped operations occasionally cause a net loss in performance compared to "naive" looping, since it involves calling PyTorch's "x.view(...)" which is usually ~instant but sometimes adds some extra CUDA operations on the backward pass. It always reduces the time spent in aten::add, but adds these extra ops. A really smart vectorizer would use heuristics to decide how/whether to group operations according to the target hardware; my current vectorizer just does the grouping every time.

قبل 3 سنواتdiscuss

Yeah, one unspoken theme of this blog post is "look how nice torch.compile" is :)

Fun fact, I had to put in extra work to get torch.compile working with my code, for understandable reasons. My library, Vexpr, literally runs an interpreter inside of Python, reading a big tree-like namedtuple-of-namedtuples "expression" data structure and evaluating it recursively. That data structure was way too fancy for torch.compile's guards, so I actually wrote code [1] that converts a Vexpr expression into a big Python code string and evals it, factoring the interpreter out of the code, then I pass that eval'd string into torch.compile.

One torch.compile capability I would be excited to see is compatibility with torch.vmap. One selling point of Vexpr is that you can use vmap with it, so I was sad when I found I couldn't use vmap and still support torch.compile. This made me convert a bunch of my GP kernels [2] to be batch-aware. (This missing capability is also understandable -- both vmap and compile are new.)

Anyway, I'm a fan of what y'all are doing!

[1] https://github.com/outergroup/vexpr/blob/e732e034768443386f9... [2] https://github.com/outergroup/outer-loop-cookbook/blob/5d94c...

قبل 3 سنواتdiscuss

Glad to hear :)

Yes, I'm off doing my own thing now. Deep Learning went so much further than I ever expected, and now I'm drawn to all the things that can be built today. Who knows, maybe I'll swing back into neuroscience in a few years. (Still friends with my old coworkers / bosses.)

قبل 3 سنواتdiscuss

I wondered about this same thing. Your logic about cache/registers is certainly true on CPUs, but what about GPUs? Hence this blurb:

> I studied the CUDA traces closely and found that vectorization does indeed reduce many aspects of the GPU workload, greatly reducing the number of operations and decreasing the total amount of time spent on the fundamental computations of the algorithm. However it also introduces overhead (mentioned above) by interspersing operations that permute and reorder the tensors, or splitting them into groups then concatenating results. Sometimes the reduced “fundamental” time outweighs the additional overhead, while other times the overhead outweighs the reduction in fundamental time.

Here are some examples not included in the blog post:

- Total time spent in aten::cdist kernel

  - Baseline: 2.834s (4900 calls)
  - Vectorized: 2.686s (500 calls)

- Total time spent in aten::mul kernel

  - Baseline: 5.745s (80700 calls)
  - Vectorized: 5.555s (8100 calls)

This nice little win applies to tons of other kernels, almost across the board. As you point out, CPU intuition suggests this should have been slower, so this was an interesting outcome.

On the other hand, some specific increases occur:

- Total time spent in aten::cat kernel

  - Baseline: 0.680s
  - Vectorized: 1.849s

So working in fewer, larger batches doesn't only enable outrunning the GPU. It decreases the total GPU workload... then adds some overhead. But some of this overhead could be removed with custom CUDA kernels, so I think this is an interesting direction even if you solve the CPU problem some other way.

(The pow(x, 2) is only there in the toy code, not my actual kernel, so I didn't performance-tune it.)

قبل 3 سنواتdiscuss

Aha, I was hoping to learn about something like this, thanks for sharing. I'll try this some time. PyTorch does use different threads for the forward and backward pass, so as you suggest, setting that flag might only improve the forward pass.