Obviously, random chance...
It's a bit ignorant/racist to expect people from different countries to look distinctly different (fashion notwithstanding), when genetics are so overlapping
It seems their deeper sequencing of dire wolf samples clarified the phylogeny - they claim the dire wolf's closest living relative is the gray wolf, at 99.5% identity. The 2021 study was only able to sequence the dire wolf genome at 0.23x coverage and put a 0.56 probability on their species tree (Fig 2A).
https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/255832/1/NatureDireWol...
Why do you think this is reputable research? MDPI does not inspire confidence, and it's written by a UFOlogist-chemist. And what is "radar ultrasound"?!
I think it is a fair generalization at this point. Mbuti also have a ~6% West Eurasian admixture signal using an ancient (4.5kya) Ethiopian individual as reference, though Pickrell 2014 did not see it. Decimal dust, perhaps?
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aad2879
The ghost admixture story(s) will turn out to be much more localized, I imagine.
Hasn't backmigration/Eurasian admixture post-introgression made that true? iirc reference bias artefactually made African genomes look like they had no Neanderthal segments.
Probably the vast majority of studies are correct and a few misinterpret artefacts, and then a journalist uses an evocative word like "teeming" without knowing that what they're saying doesn't pass the sniff test. Same reason these papers languish for years and don't pass peer review in rigorous journals
Why hasn't it passed peer review yet? Maybe because they only used techniques prone to artefacts. IMO if a brain microbiome exists in healthy people it would have been seen already, with all the microscopy and sequencing done
see also: Applied Science's attempt 12 years ago (no fancy pressurized mixing machine so the result is weaker than the real thing).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsSwvmNEr0Q
IMO his is the best random project channel on youtube
Explain to us how water "tension", density, and viscosity are variables that would change? It's just water, and temperature is set at ~25 C. The shape of the pool and gutter setup are the only major factors at play, assuming the filtration system isn't causing major currents.
You can see author contributions at the end. It took 5 to write it, and everyone else to get the samples, perform experiments, analyze data, etc. Pretty typical for genomics.
| Is horizontal gene transfer [1] the right term for this phenomenon?
This is "incomplete lineage sorting". There's no need to invoke anything more exotic than standard vertical inheritance, but the existence of genetic diversity within populations after they split/speciate (i.e. it's not a single Adam & Eve that give rise to a new species) produces counter-intuitive patterns of relatedness like this.
The authors show increased depression risk in the 90 days PRE-exposure (before starting treatment). To me, the authors seems to have dangerously misinterpreted the data. It could easily be the case that a depression diagnosis leads to seeing a psychiatrist and deciding to treat their underlying ADHD with methylphenidate. How could being about to go on methylphenidate in the next 90 days possible be the cause of depression???