This relates to the difference between how a real gas and how an ideal gas behave in this scenario.
The difference in this situation will be very small in my opinion, broadly because the gas molecules in the atmosphere still have comparatively high mean free paths and therefore won’t interact with the “escaping” helium molecules.
I work for an acquired startup that tried to solve this problem.
It’s been around 8 years and we’re up to 50 or so people. I’d say we are okay at it.
We haven’t gotten fundamentally better over time recently, it’s more like there is some asymptote of how much you can really tell with a certain amount of insight into the systems between source and destination.
The only real progress we’ve made has been integrating with more and more sources of information about the state of the network.
To compare apartheid to being asked to follow scientifically validated an internationally agreed protocols to not spread a disease to those around you, geesh.
I disagree with this comment. I don’t want to start a debate, just to give my experience and perspective.
I am a South African, I am white, just for transparency.
In my experience:
White people are still in a position of economic and social power such that the (unjust) assumptions made by an average person during apartheid are still mostly the same.
White people are stereotypically more educated, have more money, connections and are more trustworthy etc.
To say that white people are the subject of reverse racism while making any comparison to apartheid, where people where abducted, tortured, disappeared, forcefully relocated and removed from their land, is simply ignorant.
I make this post not to try and change your mind, but simply to give some representation to an alternate view point.
One reason that these nets are not there yet, is that they are sticking to the 'firing' analogue of natural brains. They are using binary output over time that averages out, a technique that has so far been much slower than neural networks with continuous output.
I imagine they meant kw, and that 20w is close enough to 1kw. (btw, I thought the human brain uses a lot more than 20w, maybe 20w in chemical signals, but a lot more in heat?)
While you are correct that the count of neurons is not the only thing the synthetic brain has to boast, merely saying 'wired like a rat brain' is not really much extra.
It does not speak to the complexity of the network. I interpreted that line as 'connected in the same topology' but immediately thought, yeah right, they definitely don't have the same 'branching factor' as a real rat brain. (not sure of the correct words here, but some real neurons have many thousands to millions of connections).
This is really on the edge if where I don't know what I'm talking about anymore but I would think not.
The forces holding atoms together and the energies associated with changing those forces are far larger than the amounts that are presented in this study.
The reason that negative temperatures are hard to explain is that the definition of temperature in the sense used by physicists is not very accessible.
It has to do with how much a certain property of a system (object) changes when you add a certain quantity of heat energy.
In certain edge cases adding energy makes this quantity change in the opposite to usual way and therefore the temperature is negative.
To clarify: that sphere is not a 'standard' in a sense that it is going to definite a kilogram. It is a tool which is going to be used to measure the correct numbers to define the kilogram in terms of universal constants. In this sense it is very different from the 'bells' you refer to, and I think the way you stated the link was misleading.
This sounds like security through obscurity, made worse by the fact that it is probably difficult to guarantee that users who are shown the 'privileged' modules are somehow to be trusted.
I believe that you have a misunderstanding regarding 'what is happening here'.
This isn't 'client side authorisation' in the sense you are talking of.
Specifically it still relies on a /session route which only accepts valid authorization objects which can be though of as keys in a more 'traditional' 'server side authentication' approach.
Since this hollow core would be much larger than the crystalline structures in a metal would this not therefore be a very weak comparison?